Unit 1 Starting outInside viewConversation 1Porter Good afternoon.Janet Good afternoon.Porter New student?Janet Yes.Porter Welcome to Hertford College.Janet Thank you.Porter Can I have your family name, please?Janet Yes, it's Li.Porter Er, L-double E?Janet No, L-I.Porter And what's your first name, Ms Li?Janet Janet.Porter Janet Li... ah yes, there you are. Here are your keys.Janet Where's my room?Porter You're in Staircase 6 Room 5.Janet Who am I sharing with?Porter Nobody. You have your own room. Er...there's a Ms Santos in the room next to you. Janet Oh. My own room? In China we usually have several people in a dormitory.Porter Well, here you don't have to share with anyone.Janet Thank you Sir.Porter No need to call me sir, Ms Li. Everyone calls me Stewart.Janet Please call me Janet!Porter OK, Janet, um, can you just sign for your keys, please?Conversation 2Kate Hi, have you just arrived too?Janet Yes!Kate I guess we're neighbours. My name's Kate Santos.Janet I'm Janet Li. Where are you from?Kate From New York. How about you?Janet I'm from Anshan in China.Kate Is Janet your real name?Janet No, it's my English name. My Chinese name is Li Hui. Is Kate your full name?Kate No, it's short for Catherine.Janet So do I call you Catherine or Kate?Kate Everyone calls me Kate.Janet Nice to meet you.Kate OK, Janet. See you later.Janet Bye!Conversation 3Kate Hey! This is awesome! Look at the size of this dining hall.Janet Is this where we have all our meals?Kate I guess.Mark You just arrived?Girls Yes!Mark Me too. By the way, I'm Mark. Nice to meet you.Kate Hi, I'm Kate.Mark Hi Kate, I guess you're from the States.Kate Right! How can you tell? You're British, huh?Mark Yes, I'm from London. And you are ...?Janet I'm Li Hui. I'm from China. But you can call me Janet.Mark Hi Janet. Welcome to England. What are you reading? Janet English.Mark How about you, Kate?Kate My major is law. And you?Mark I'm studying PPE.Kate That's a special Oxford subject, isn't it?Outside viewJulie My name's Julie Dearden, and I'm the Director of International Programmes here at Hertford College.Eugene My name's Eugene Berger, I studied here in Oxford for four years er, studying modern languages at Somerville College.Julie Oh, there are many Oxford traditions. Oxford is a very old university, the oldest English-speaking university in the, in the world. And so there are many traditions which are associated with the colleges, with the times of the year, and with sport, and with eating, for example.Eugene Each college is very different um, from um, the others, and it has its own character. Some colleges are very conservative, and some are much moreliberal and have a tradition of um, kind of liberal politics. But there are also some specific traditions.Julie Formal Hall is when we all eat together here in college, the professors and the students. Usually it takes places at seven o'clock in the evening, and the professors sit on high table which is the table over here, and the students sit on common table, which are the tables here. But everybody eats together. It's avery beautiful evening because there are, there's a special meal and we eat by candlelight.Eugene I think er, the traditions that make Oxford so unique are firstly the Oxford Union and er, secondly, May Day. The Oxford Union being a debatingsociety where speakers come from all around the world to address the students and even allow themselves to be questioned by the students, making it a very interesting forum.Julie My favourite is er, May Day. And May Day is the first day of May, and we have a tradition called May Morning, and on May Morning everybody gets upvery early and the students have a celebration. There is a choir which sings on top of the tower at Magdalen College and all the people of the town and allthe students go to listen to the singing. So it's very nice.Eugene The tradition that er, was most important to me was probably Summer Eights. I was a rower. And Summer Eights is a rowing competition, held in Mayin the summer term. And in this competition, each college is trying to improve its place which it won the previous year and gradually work its way up theriver.Julie When the students take exams, they must go to a special building and it's called Examination Schools. And also they must wear a special uniform, so they wear .gown like mine, a black gown, and they wear a white shirt, arid the men wear a white tie and black trousers. The women wear a white shirt and a E and they must wear this uniform in order to take their—black skirt or black trousers. And they must wear this uniform, which has a Latin name - sub fuseexaminations.I think the Oxford traditions lend character to the place and it's such an old institution, it should have traditions, but they can be very inconvenient. ForEugeneexample, sub fuse. This is the uniform that we are required according to the university rules, to wear.Julie They also wear flowers in their buttonholes, and those flowers are carnations. And they wear different colours, the students wear different colouredflowers for different examinations. So when you take your first exam you wear a white flower, and when you take your second exam you wear a pinkflower, and when you take your final examination you wear a red carnation.Eugene So we have to dress up in a full black suit, starched collar, white bow tie and carry a mortarboard. And to write an exam in the summer heat whilst wearing all that which you're not allowed to take off is um, uncomfortable.Julie I really like the Oxford traditions, I think it's part of our history, and part of um, being a student or a teacher here at Oxford University.Listening inPassage 1Interviewer Can you tell me something about the Ivy League? You're a professor at Harvard, is that right?Professor That's right, yes.Interviewer Tell me how many universities are there? How many institutions?Professor In total there are eight institutions: There's Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Princeton, and the University of Pennsylvania. Interviewer Ah, OK. And what's the sporting ... I believe there's some link with sports.Professor There certainly is, yes. Originally the Ivy League referred to the sports teams from the universities which competed against each other, especially in football, basketball and ice hockey. Now sometimes these universities, institutions, chose their students on the basis of their skills at these particular sports.But in the last 50 years, Ivy League schools have accepted a wider range of students because it wasn't possible to be both world-famous for research andalso top class in sport.Interviewer And what about their academic importance? I gather they're academically very, very important, they're very well-known.Professor Absolutely at the top. They're near or at the top of the USA colleges and university rankings. And they're almost always in the top one per cent of the world's academic institutions for financial resources.Interviewer And what does it mean socially to go to an Ivy League university?Professor Certainly if you've been to one of these institutions, you are presumed or assumed to be at the top end of the scale. The Ivy League institutions have a reputation for social elitism, many of the students are rich, intellectual, white Anglo-Saxon, protestants. Not all of them of course, but quite a lot of them. Interviewer And do you know ... why's it called the Ivy League, what's the origin of the name?Professor There are a number of stories, derivations, but possibly it's based on four universities, and IV, the letters IV, that's the Roman numeral for four. Another more likely story is that ivy plants, which are symbolic of the age of the universities, you know, would be grown at the walls of these universities,these institutions, they cover the walls of the buildings. The term was created by a sports journalist, I think in the 1930s.Interviewer Right, OK. And which is the oldest university?Professor The oldest goes back to the 17th century, that's Harvard which was founded in 1636. And the youngest of the institutions is Cornell which was founded in 1865.Interviewer And which has the largest number of undergraduates?Professor Cornell has the largest number, about 13,000, 13,500 undergraduates. The institution with the smallest number is Dartmouth College with a little over 4,000.Interviewer And what about the acceptance rate? Is it hard to get into?Professor That ranges from about seven per cent to 20 per cent.Interviewer And any famous alumni? Famous old boys?Professor Hundreds! Hundreds of them. But I suppose worldwide, the two that would be definitely known all over the world would certainly be George Bush who went to Yale, and John F Kennedy, President Kennedy, who was at Harvard.Interviewer Thank you.Passage2Andy Did you see the film on television last night?Jane No, I was out. What was it?Andy A Beautiful Mind. It's about John Forbes Nash, the mathematician who won the Nobel Prize.Jane I've heard about that film, yes. He's played by Russell Crowe, isn't he? I like Russell Crowe, he's great.Andy That's the one, yes.Jane What's it about?Andy Well, the story begins in the early years of Nash's life at Princeton University as a graduate student.Jane That's one of the Ivy League schools, isn't it?Andy Yes, it's all set in New England, lovely old buildings, beautiful autumn colours. It's lovely to look at. Anyway, Nash meets his roommate Charles, a literature student, who soon becomes his best friend. Nash admits to Charles that he is better with numbers than people, and the main thing he's looking foris a truly original idea for his thesis paper.Jane So he's not interested in having fun?Andy Well, yes, but he's not very good with people or successful with women, that's all. But, you know, it's one of these bad experiences with people which ultimately inspires his brilliant work in mathematics.Jane No good at relationships, so he becomes a genius at maths?Andy That's about right, yes. So when he finishes his studies at Princeton, he accepts a job at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Five years later, he meets Alicia, a student who he falls in love with and eventually marries.Jane Ah! At last, the love interest!Andy Yes, but wait a moment. Nash believes that he's been asked to work by William Parcher for the US Department of Defense on breaking Soviet codes. At one point he's chased by the Russians, and it's after this that he becomes mentally ill.Jane I think I've seen this in the trailer to the film.Andy So when he's put in a psychiatric hospital, he thinks the Soviets have captured him. He's given this painful treatment which affects his relationship with his wife. And his intellectual skills. So he stops taking the medicine.Jane It sounds quite hard to watch.Andy Well, it is, but it's well acted and directed, and so, you know, there's a-bit of distance between the audience and what's happening on film.Jane So what happens next?Andy Well, then his illness returns, so he and his wife decide to try and live with it. It all gets a bit complicated, because we're no longer sure if Charles, you know, his old friend, or even Parcher were real, or if they were just people that existed only in Nash's mind.Jane That sounds awful. He must have been so ill,Andy Actually, I'm kind of giving away the twist in the story. Anyway, later in his life, while he's using the library at Princeton again, he asks his rival Martin Hansen if he can start teaching again. And so the story ends when he goes on to win the Nobel Prize in Economics.Jane Well, it sounds like a great film.Andy Yes, you should see it sometime.Unit 2 Food, glorious food!Inside viewConversation 1Kate Oh, this looks nice.Mark Cool.Waitress Good afternoon, table for three? Come this way.Mark Let's have a look at the menu.Mark Thank you.Janet Thank you.Waitress The specials are on the board.Kate So, what sort of food do you like, Janet?Janet Well, I like spicy food. And I'm not very fond of raw food! What would you recommend?Mark Why don't you try the chicken curry? That's nice and spicy.Janet What's in it?Mark Chicken cooked in tomatoes and onions with Indian spices.Janet I'll try it. Do we all choose a selection of dishes to share or only one dish per person?Mark Usually one dish per person.Kate Or the moussaka looks good. Janet What's it made with?Kate It's made with lamb and eggplant. It's a Greek dish.Janet How is it cooked?Kate It's baked in the oven.Janet Mm, that sounds good too.Kate And as a starter?Janet What's minestrone soup?Mark It's an Italian soup with vegetables and pasta. It's delicious!Janet OK, I'll have that.Kate Waitress?Waitress What can I get for you?Kate Well, for the starter, can we have two minestrone soups, and for the main course, one moussaka and one curry, please. What about you, Mark? Mark I'll have the prawns with garlic and the chilli con carne. And could you bring us some water, please?Waitress OK. Mark Thank you.Waitress Thanks.Janet What's chilli con carne?Mark It's a spicy Mexican dish with beef and beans. It's very hot!Conversation2Janet That was great! Except I don't like cold water. I usually drink hot water.Kate Hot water? We never drink hot water except with tea. Let's have a dessert. What would you like, Janet?Janet Any suggestions?Kate Well, why don't you try the apple strudel? It's an Austrian dish. It's made with apple, pastry and spices.Janet No, I'm not so keen on pastry. ... What's a chocolate brownie?Mark It's a kind of chocolate cake.Janet How is it made?Kate It's made with flour, eggs and butter ...Mark And lots of chocolate!Kate You'll love it.Janet What kind of ice cream is there?Kate I'll ask ... Excuse me ... What flavour ice cream do you have?Waitress Strawberry, vanilla and chocolate.Janet I'll just have a fruit salad, I think.Mark And Kate, what are you going to have?Kate Same for me.Mark Could you bring us two fruit salads, and a chocolate brownie?Waitress Sure.Outside viewVoice-over We were lucky to be invited into the kitchen at the Dooky Chase's Restaurant. Leah has been working in the restaurant for over 50 years. She toldus about her life and she explained how to make a simple dish called shrimp Clemenceau.Leah This is a very simple dish. First you get some shrimp. You can do this dish with chicken or shrimp, but I like it with the shrimp better. So you just browna little thing...Interviewer And, and what's, what's the actual, what's the cooking in?Leah Butter.Interviewer OK.Leah It just cook, so here you get a little cholesterol, but hey, that's it, a little cholesterol. Then you wanna get the garlic. So you see it works two forces. Youget the cholesterol, and then you get a little garlic, cut out on the cholesterol, you see.Interviewer OK. And where did you, where did you learn all the cooking?Leah Well, my mother, you know. I'm the top of the line of 11 children, so you get to learn how to cook whether you like it or not. Y ou get to cook that way.Then here you want to add a little mushroom in here, this is just sliced button mushroom. If you like other mushroom, you can do that, we just saute that inthere. Y ou know, at home, when you, you have to cook, everybody had that turn in the kitchen. So this is a dish that is used in several restaurants, but this ismy own version. Some people do it different than this, but I like it this way, because I like the ... Can you smell the garlic in there?Interviewer Oh, yeah. Leah Alright?Interviewer That smell is very strong.Leah Uha, and then you want to add your peas. It's very, very simple.Interviewer And did you, did your mum run the restaurant as well?Leah No, no, my mother-in-law. My mother-in-law had this restaurant before I came in. And she started it in 41. I came in in 46. So, and I added many things.You have to understand in 41. Now here we can add our potatoes. You see our shrimp is all cooked there.-Just add the potato. Y ou can pre-cook yourpotatoes. Y ou can boil them, or in this case, we, we blanch them a little bit. In that and just toss together, and you get one, you get just one casserole likehere. And you can put a little pepper on it. Give it a good dash of pepper. A little salt. It's very simple, but it's a good dish. And as I said, you can do it withchicken breast or shrimp. You see? Toss it and get it there.Interviewer And what do you, what do you call the dish?Leah A shrimp Clemenceau. And I, I really don't know how it got that name, but it's popular in this area. But as I said, some people do it a little different. Y oucan take wine at this point. Y ou can hit a little wine in there if you like it, but I, I just don't like to kill the taste of the butter and the garlic. I like that a lot.And you can take the parsley, always parsley.That's parsley, isn't it?InterviewerParsley. Uhm. And I'm gonna show you something that all Creoles keep in their kitchen. You see you get kind of a like a dull look here. But every CreoleLeah has this paprika in their kitchen. And give it all a dash of paprika. And you get a little color there, you see? A little red color there. And it's very, very simple,great dish to eat. Not hard to make. You see? And you have a good dish.Listening in Passage 1If it's a formal meal, maybe Thanksgiving or Christmas, or if you're with your boss or someone like that, you are being careful about your table manners.BenSo you'd wait until everyone is served before you eat. But most of the time,, if you know each other well you would just go ahead and start. It's more usualBut campsite. at a in the garden or maybe maybe it shows your hospitality. We have a lot of barbecues outside, entertain to them at home becausesometimes if you don't want to cook, you can go to a restaurant.Oh, well, after dessert you'll have a little talk, then talk some more, have some coffee. Then you'll say, Oh well, it's time for us, we should get going.And if you don't then you're probably going to be rude and stay too late.Well, it would be between 8 and 8.30. It is unusual that if somebody is invited for 8 they would be there at 7.30 or 7.45. Probably 8, or 8.30 would beMichellewhen all the guests would arrive. It's OK to refuse something if you don't like it, but it might be embarrassing. For example, if I'm cooking dinner and Ifeel a bit frustrated that I didn't know before. But usually everyone tries everything.discover one of my guests is a vegetarian, I'llWell, usually the host serves the guests, so you should make sure you tell him or her not to give you too much, because yes, it's quite important to eatTomeverything on your plate. It doesn't matter if you leave something, but if you leave a lot, it will look as if you don't like their cooking.My mother always told me to put my hands on my lap, under the table when I wasn't eating, and I would be in big trouble if I ever put my elbows on thetable. But actually I know that in some countries that's considered rude. So I might rest my hands or my arms on the table, and I suppose it's a bit morerelaxed today than it used to be when I was young.No, it's the worst thing you can do if you're eating. Any strange noises are absolutely forbidden. I mean you can say mmm, this is good, but nothingmore than that. And even when you drink soup or eat noodles, you have to do it in silence, otherwise it's considered very bad manners.Passage 2The government announced today that they are going to ban advertisements for junk food during TV programmes for children under the age of 16.News-readerThe rules will include any foods that are high in fat, salt and sugar. There will be a total ban on ads during children's programmes and on children's channels,as well as adult programmes watched by a large number of children. But there will not be a total ban on all ads for junk food which are shown on televisionbefore 9 pm. This was thought to be over the top by representatives of the food industry. The new rules will come into effect before the end of December39 million in revenue for advertising.this year, and mean that television channels will lose about ￡So why has the government introduced this ban? We asked leading food and nutrition expert, Neil Bennett. Well, we all know that over the last 30 years, what we call junk food, bad food with too much fat and salt, has become easily available and eating habitsNeil have changed.However, in recent years many of us have become aware of the importance of keeping fit and eating healthily, and this means people are not going to fastfood restaurants so often. So, the result is that the fast food business has increased the number of ads in order to recover some of the business it's lost.And how do the fast food restaurants do this?News-readerThe biggest problem is that they aim their ads at young people. One well-known fast food restaurant chain sells hamburgers which come with a free gift,Neilusually a toy which is linked to a new children's film. Other fast food restaurants aim their ads at teenage and college-age men, trying to make their foodtrendy and, you know, kind of masculine food.So a ban on junk food ads will stop the sales of junk food?News-readerAlmost certainly not, but it might reduce the growth of the fast food industry. NeilNews-reader So you're in favour of the ban?Neil As a nutritionist, I am. As a father of two young children, I'm not sure.News-reader Why not?Neil Because less money from advertising will mean less money for children's TV programmes. So we're likely to see more cheap and violent cartoons, andfewer programmes produced specially for children.News-reader So the choice is between junk food and junk television?Neil Yes, that just about sums it up.News-reader Neil Bennett, thank you.Unit 3 Learning to thinkInside viewConversation 1Mark Hi, what're you doing?Janet Oh, nothing much ... Well, I'm just doing this quiz here in the newspaper.Mark Let's have a look then. Janet Here. It's called, How much do you know about memory? I've just done it. Do you want to have a go? Mark OK, might as well. I'm not busy.Janet Right. Look, I'll read the statements. Then you have to answer rue oralse. Ready?Mark Yea.Janet OK. Physical exercise improves your memory. True or false?Mark True, I suppose. It sounds like the right answer.Janet You're right, exercise does improve your memory. Next statement: 30 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark That sounds about right. True?Janet No, wrong, I'm afraid. In fact, 60 per cent of people have a visual memory.Mark Really? Actually, I've got a pretty good memory.Janet Have you? OK ... Next one ... When you're tired, it's more difficult to remember things. Mark That's true, obviously. I can't remember a thing when I'm tired. Janet Correct! If you do one activity for a long time, your memory will improve.Mark I'm not sure ... True?Janet Actually, it's false.Mark Oh!Janet Eating fruit and vegetables can improve your memory.Mark I read something in The Times about that. True.Janet True, it says here.Mark Oh, no! I've got a lecture. I'd forgotten. I'd better get going!Janet Oh, Mark! What a good memory you have!Conversation 2Kate You're looking a bit down, Janet. What's up?Janet Well... I'm finding studying at Oxford quite hard.Kate You're telling me! There's so much work!Janet It's not the amount of work - but everything's so different. In China, generally we have large classes, we don't have tutorials. And mostly, our teacher tellsus what we should do. So I'm not used to asking questions or discussing things. I find it difficult.Kate You have to memorize a lot, don't you? Janet Yes, but I'm good at that.Kate You're lucky. There's so much to remember studying law! I have difficulty sometimes, I really do.Janet Yes, well, we've been trained to do that. But we don't have so much training in critical thinking.Kate What do you mean by critical thinking?Janet Let me think ... I think it's giving your opinion and then justifying it.Kate Yes, I suppose that's what our teachers have always encouraged us to do.Janet I am getting better at it, I suppose.Kate Hey! How about this? Let's pretend I'm your tutor. I'll make a statement. Y our task is to examine it and then ask questions.Janet OK.Kate Everyone is capable of learning a second language. Go on, ask a question!Janet Why do you say that?Kate That's what the research tells us. Now ask another one.Janet Can you give an example of some research?Kate Um ... No! Look, I'm starving and I can't think at all when I'm hungry.Outside view Part 1Teacher Good morning, class.Students Good morning.Teacher What we're going to do today is start off looking at mind maps or mind mapping. Now have any of you heard about mind maps before?Students Yes ... No ...Teacher Yes. Some of you have, some of you haven't. OK. Have any of you actually used mind maps in the past?Students No ...Teacher No? OK. Who can tell me what a mind map is?Student 1 It's a way of thinking.Teacher It is a way of thinking. Mind maps are diagrams which help us to generate ideas, and also to organize or structure our ideas related to a topic. What I'dlike to do next is look at some of the uses or the reasons for using mind maps. What are some of the reasons for using mind maps?Student 2 To make a list?Teacher To make a list? Yes. We could say to brainstorm ideas. Everyone contributes then-ideas as many ideas as quickly as possible, from everyone in ashorter time, er, as, as we can manage. OK, brainstorming is one of the most important um, um, uses of mind maps. What might be another use or another reason for using mind maps?Student 3 It can help me take notes in the class.Teacher OK, for the note-taking, a very good reason. Mind maps help us to get an overview or a, a quick understanding about a subject. By using mind maps tocollect the main ideas from what the teacher says, you can keep a, a very general understanding of a topic and understand connections quite easily and um,quickly. What are some other uses of mind maps?Student 4 Preparing for exams?Teacher OK. Preparing for exams. That's a, a very good reason. We might call this, er, revision. Before an exam, after having studied for many, many days oreven weeks, you might want to capture the, the, the very general understanding about the subject. Are there any other uses that you can think of for mindmapping?Student 5 We can also use it for finding answers.Teacher For finding answers. That's, that's a very good, good answer. We could call this problem-solving. We can use mind maps to, to see other possible alternatives, or options to, to, to solve a problem. OK. Next, I'd like us to talk about some of the advantages or the benefits of using mind maps instead ofjust writing everything on a piece of paper. One of the most obvious advantages, as you can see, is that mind maps are very visual. They give us um, almost a picture, a, a different perspective in terms of a picture, or a diagram of understanding information or understanding connected ideas, which is very helpfulfor people who like to learn from a different way. Are there any other advantages that you can think of for mind mapping?Student 4 It lists the main points.Teacher They do. They do list the main points. We could call this um, a quick summary. As you can see, we have main ideas throughout our mind map, notlong texts. And in this way, it helps us to grasp the, the key ideas and the key connections for mind maps or for our given subject. Are there any otheradvantages you can think of?Student 1 To think creatively.Teacher To think creatively. That's, that's a very good point. We could call this creative thinking. And what we mean here is basically thinking outside of thebox or thinking laterally. Mind maps are illogical and by being illogical they encourage us to think creatively, you might say.Part2Teacher Next, I'd like us to think about aspects of design or constructing mind maps. So far we have completed three quarters of our mind map about mindmaps. And then I'd just like you to have a look at this mind map and tell me what some of the most noticeable or striking features are that we can talk about.Student 2 There is a centre.Teacher There is a centre. There is what we call a central word, a central word or a phrase. It might also be a sentence or a question. You might have that in thecentre of the board and your related thoughts spiraling or radiating out. What else do you notice about the design of this mind map? Student 1 There are only words, not sentences.Teacher Exactly. There are many what we call key words as they capture the main thought of, of an issue rather than a long sentence or, or a passage. Thishelps us to concentrate on the main issues and find connections between these issues as well. What other aspects of design do you notice here?Student 5 It looks like a tree.Teacher It does look like a tree because it has branches. By having branches, it shows how, um, thinking is radiating out or spiraling out from key ideas orcentral ideas to key words to sub-words and, and so forth. Are there any other aspects of design which you notice in this particular map?Student 2 You used a lot of colours.。