汉译英常见错误例析优秀课件
例5。有空就到我们家来聊天吧。
误:If you are free, please come to our family to have a talk. 正:Drop in on us for a chat at any odd moment.
例6.我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。 误:Our cause has won victories one after
another. 正:We have won one victory after
another for our cause. 或译为被动语态:
A series of victories have been won for our cause.
说明:句中cause是没有生命的, 而win victories的主语一般是人, 二者用在一起,就把cause拟人化 了,而这种修饰方法在英文中被视 为毛病。原文虽在语法上没有错误, 但却不符合英语习惯用法,不是地 道的英语。
在用英语表达汉语原文的意思时, 时间的先与后,执行者与承受者之 间的关系,非谓语动词的逻辑主语 与主句的主语,比较句的排除与包 括,代替词和名词的性与数的一致 等等都存在着一个逻辑问题。许多 汉译英的错误都属于逻辑性错误。
A.时间的先与后不合乎逻辑, 例如:
例1.对不起,我没有看见你。 误:Sorry I don’t see you. 正:Sorry I didn’t see you.
汉译英常见错误例析
造成汉译英常见错误的原因错综复 杂,但究其原因主要有两个:一是 运用英语知识的实践能力差,尽管 道理和规则记得很熟,但由于练习 较少,动笔时容易出错;二是受汉 语的影响,常见的错误往往是用英 语套用汉语的表达方式、习惯说法 和思维模式等。
10.1 生搬硬套型错误
这类错误就是把汉语的表达 意思逐词照搬地直译成英语。
误:Warmly welcome all guests of honor at home and abroad to attend to this symposium!
正:Warm welcome to all honored guests both at home and abroad to attend the Trade Talks!
例3.我们改革开放的步子要迈得 更大一些。
误:Our steps of economic reform and open policy should be bigger.
正:Take a broader approach to economic reform and opening up.
例4.热烈欢迎国内外嘉宾参加贸易洽 谈会。
例1.为了在科研中取得成功,需要坚 持不懈。
误: To succeed in a scientific research, persistence is needed.
正:To succeed in a scientific research, one needsຫໍສະໝຸດ to be persistent.
正:It is a pity for him to be criticized.
说明:在例3、例4中,不定式的逻 辑主语是行为的承受者,故要改用 被动不定式。
A. 分词的逻辑主语问题
分词的逻辑主语必须与句中的 主语相一致,否则 便成为垂悬 分词,属于语病。如:
例1.看着窗外,他想起了自己 的童年。
例2.不要搞一刀切。
误: Do not cut off at one stroke.
正: Do not impose uniformity in all cases.
例2 原文是带有汉语特色的比喻说 法,意为“不可不顾实际情况,用 一切方法处理问题”。翻译时不可 拘泥于原文字句,“对号如座”。
说明:原译中不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 一致,改译后句子用主动语态,增补one做主语
例2. 要做出决定,你应该考虑各 种因素。
误:To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration.
正:To make a decision, you should take everything into consideration.
误:Looking out of the window, thoughts of his childhood came to him.
正:The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.
B. 不定式的逻辑主语问题
虽然不定式没有语法上的主语, 但有逻辑主语。不定的
逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。不 定式的语态与逻辑主语有关。逻辑 主语是行为的执行者,要用主动不 定式;若逻辑主语是行为的承受者, 要用被动不定式,如:
例2.我不知道你在这儿。 误:I don’t know you are here. 正:I didn’t know you are here.
例3. 从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。 误:The book which was
borrowed from the library had been found.
例1.欢迎你参加英语角活动。 误:Welcome you to join our
English corner activities! 正:You are welcome to join
our English Corner!
(or: Welcome to join our English Corner!)
例3.这本书需要翻译成英语。 误:The book is required to put
into English. 正:The book is required to be
put into English.
例4.他挨了批评真是遗憾。
误:It is a pity for him to have criticized.