CPU：Central Processing Unit中央处理器DRAM：Dynamic Random-Access Memory动态随机存取存储器SRAM：Static Random-Access Memory静态随机存取存储器RAM：Random-Access Memory随机存取存储器ROM：Read-Only Memory只读存储器PROM：Programmable Read-Only Memory可编程只读存储器EPROM：Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory可擦可编程只读存储器EEPROM：Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory电可擦可编程只读存储器VDT：Video Display Terminal视频显示终端SISD：Single Instruction stream and Single Data stream单指令流单数据流MISD：Multiple Instruction stream and Single Data stream多指令流单数据流DAP：Distributed Array Processor机器名：分布式阵列处理器CM：Connection Machine连接机PE：Processing Element处理部件SM：Shared-Memory共享存储器SN：Shared-Nothing无共享SMP：Symmetrical Multiprocessing对称多处理MPP：Massively Parallel Processing大规模并行处理SIMD：Single- Instruction ，Multiple Data stream单指令单数据流MIMD：Multiple Instruction，Multiple Data stream多指令多数据流SPMD：Single-Program, Multiple Data单程序多数据GUI：Graphic User Interface图形用户界面PC：Personal Computer个人计算机DOS：Disk Operating System磁盘操作系统OS：Operation System操作系统IP：Internet Protocol网络协议ISP：Internet Service Provider 因特网服务提供商ISDN：Integrated Services Digital Network综合服务数字网LAN：Local Area Network局域网DSL：Digital Subscriber Line数字用户线路FDM：Frequency Division Multiplexing频分多路复用RF：Radio Frequency射频TDM：Time Division Multiplexing时分多路复用E-R model：Entity-Relationship model E-R模型DBMS：Database Management System数据库管理系统CD-ROM：Compact Disc- Read Only Memory光盘只读存储器SCSI：Small Computer System Interface小型计算机系统接口I/O：Input/Output输入/输出VGA：Video Graphics Array显示绘图阵列VCR：Video Cassette Recorder卡带式影像录放机RLE：Run-Length Encoding行程长度编码JPEG：Joint Photographic Experts Group联合摄影专家组SVGA：Super Video Graphics Array超视频图形阵列hearsay传闻，谣传register寄存器，记录reallocate重新分配capacity容量instruction指令location单元位置cache隐藏throughput吞吐量nonvolatility非易失性updatable可修改的functionality功能virtually实际上expansion扩展peripheral外围的taxonomy分类orthogonally正交的fetch取数grid网络load-balanced负载平衡的scheme方案couple连接sort排序block块emulate仿效topology拓扑generalization一般化speedup加速化heterogeneous异类的paramount至上的delivery递送platform平台project工程portable可移植的distributed分布式的real-time实时的deploy展开performance性能survive幸存adaptable能适应的concurrent并发的innovative创新的prototype原型garbage垃圾evoke引起arcane神秘的checkered多波折的infamous名声不好的glut充斥cryptic神秘的assortment分类mitigate减轻portability可移植性glitch小故障malfunction失灵bug错误detrimental有害的unethical不道德的hacking不轨用机reliable可靠的unobstructed不被阻塞的degrade使降低relay转播unauthorized未批准的block阻塞retrieve找回intuition直觉oscillate震动mandate命令round-robin循环retrieve检索facility熟练perception感觉designation指定jerky不平稳的fuzzy模糊的typify代表analog模拟simulate模拟triple使增至三倍shrink缩小quarter-screen 1/4屏幕quadruple-speed四倍速decompression解压squeeze压缩embody包含codec压缩解压accumulate累加exotic特殊的diminish减小roundup综述interactivity交互性We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits.我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据Literally hundreds of different types of computers are marketed by scores of manufacturers [1].不加夸张地讲，市场上有几百种不同类型的计算机在销售Most school or office LANs that offer a direct connection to the Internet lease a high-speed dedicated line (such as an ISDN or T1 line) from the telephone company or an Internet provider.大多数学校或者政府机关的局域网，提供一个与因特网直接相连的从电话公司或者因特网提供者那里租约一条高速专用线。
Cable connections are very fast and are available to anyone with cable access whose cable provider has upgraded the system to support Internet access.电缆连接是相当快的，可以让任何人通过电缆访问，电缆提供商升级了支持因特网访问的系统。
The two-way satellite services available today, such as StarBand, are relatively reliable, though an unobstructed view of the southern sky is requited and access may degrade very heavy rainstorms.虽然需要在蝶形天线收发方向的上空没有任何障碍，并且在大暴风雨期间访问性可能降低，但目前可用的两路人造卫星服务，如StarBand，是相当可靠的。
The result is a language platform that has proven ideal for developing secure, distributed, network based end-user applications in environments ranging from network-embedded devices to the World-Wide-Web an the desktop.结果是开发出了一个理想的、能在从嵌入式网络设备到万维网到桌面等各种环境下方便的开发安全的、分布的、基于网络的应用程序的平台。
To live in the world of electronic commerce and distribution, Java technology must enable the development of secure, high performance, and highly robust applications on multiple platforms in heterogeneous, distributed networks.在电子商务的时代，Java必须具有开发安全性、高效性、健壮的、大众的、能在多平台和多样化、分布式网络运行的程序。
It should be obvious that between the computer, dealing with bits, and the ultimate user dealing with abstracions such as flights or assignment of personnel to aricraft, where will be many levels of abstraction.显然，在处理二进位的计算机和处理像航班或把乘务组人员分派到飞机这样一些抽象的最终用户之间将存在很多层抽象。
A variation of ROM is programmable read-only memory (PROM). PROM is ROM into which you, the user, can load “read-only” programs and data. Once a program is loaded to PROM, it is seldom, if ever, changed [4]. However, if you need to be able to revise the contents of PROM, there is EPROM, erasable PROM. Before a write operation, allthe storage cells must be erased to the same initial state.可编程只读存储器（PROM）是另一种ROM，它可以载入只读的程序和数据，一旦载入，将不再改变。