高一英语必修三导学案Unit 4语言要点（模块）Ⅰ. 词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. violent adj.强暴的，猛烈的; →____________ n.暴力，强暴；猛烈; →____________ adv. 强暴地；猛烈地2. fundamental adj.基本(础)的n.[pl.]基本原则(法则) ; →____________ adv. 基本地；根本地; →____________ n. 基础；根本3. development n.生长，发展；新情况; →____________ vt.发展；产生vi.生长；发展; →____________ adj. 发达的→____________ adj. 发展的4. prevent vt. 预防，防止; →____________ n.预防；阻止；妨碍; →____________ adj.可防止的5. gentle adj.和蔼的；轻柔的; →____________ adv.温和地；静静地6. physics n.物理，物理学; →____________ n.物理学家; →____________l adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的7.harmful adj. 有害的→____________（n.）伤害→____________（反义词）8.depend v. 依靠；依赖→____________ ( n.) →____________ (adj.) →____________（反义词）9.exist v. 存在；生存→____________ (n.)10.presence n. →____________ ( n. ;adj.; v. ) ) →____________ (缺席的；不到场的)11.disappoint v. 使失望；使落空→____________ (感到失望的) →____________ (令人失望的) →____________( n.)12.gradually adv. 逐渐地→____________ (adj.)13.puzzle n; 谜；难题；v. 使迷惑→____________ adj.( 感到迷惑的)→____________ adj. ( 令人迷惑的)Ⅱ. 重点短语梳理1. go _____ （时间）前进；推移；走过2. lay _____ 下蛋3._____ one’s turn 轮到某人4. block _____ 挡住（光线）5. get the hang _____ 熟悉；掌握；理解6. watch _____ 密切注视；当心；提防7. depend_____ 依靠；依赖8. _____time 及时；终于9. give birth_____ 产生；分娩10. cheer _____ 感到高兴；感到振奋11. _____that 既然12. break _____ 爆发；突发13 as a_____of由于……的结果14. get close _____ 靠近15. be harmful _____ 对……有害16. prevent …_____ 阻止，制止17._____one’s disappointment令某人失望的是18. cool _____ 冷却19. come_____ existence开始存在；产生Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)lay eggs 下蛋lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱）lay sth. down 把某物放下lay the blame on sb.责备某人lay the table 摆桌子lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility.3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.2. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人）harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……有害；伤害……There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。
[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth.3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
________________________________________________3. exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在existent adj. 存在的，现存的There exists/existed....某地有……，存在……exist in 存在于……之中(exist + prep. 存在于地方) exist on 靠……为生exist by 靠……生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。
(1)________ always ________ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。
(2)They ______ ______ very little food.他们靠极少的食物来生存。
(3)That word doesn‘t ______ in English. 英语中没有这个词。
(4)Fish can't ______ ______ ______ ______. 鱼离开水就不能生存。
(5)When did the world ______ ______ ______________？世界是什么时候开始产生的？4. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题;puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的; puzzling adj.令人费解的sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解）solve a puzzle 解决一个难题[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.5. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动n.拉，拖；拉(引)力pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人/物）pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）pull off (sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下）pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）pull together 同心协力；通力合作[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer.6. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼cheerful adj.高兴的cheerless adj.不高兴的cheer sb. on为某人加油cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活with good cheer 欣然地Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.3). You look as though you need ______ up.Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先begin/start with 从……开始begin/start sth with 从……开始……[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.3). ______ ______ ______, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.2. in time 及时；最终；迟早[短语归纳] time短语：in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟in no time 立刻；马上at no time永不……at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度at a time 一次；每次at times = sometimes 有时all the time 一直；始终；老是on time 按时；准时by the time到…的时候为止for the time being 暂时；暂且take one’s time不着急；慢慢来from time to time 不时地，间或take one’s time 慢慢来，别急many a time 常常；多次once upon a time 从前at the same time 同时；尽管如此have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很……It’s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth. 是做某事的时候了[练习] 用time短语填空。