SOME WORDS OF ACCOUNTING & FINANCEAccountancy is the profession; accounting is the methodology; accountant is the person who is in charge of accounting.Bookkeeping 薄记Income statement/profit and loss account 利润表Balance sheet 资产负债表Cash flow statement 现金流量表Asset 资产Liability 负债Owner’s equity/capital 所有者权益Revenue 收入Expense 费用Income 收益Depreciation 折旧Full disclosure 充分披露Double-entry system 复式记账Financial accounting 财务会计Managerial accounting 管理会计Tax accounting 税务会计Cost accounting 成本会计Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则Financial accounting standards board (FASB) 财务会计准则委员会American institute of certified public accountants (AICPA)美国注册会计师协会Chinese institute of certified public accountants (CICPA)中国注册会计师协会Economic event 经济事件Source document 原始凭证External transaction 外部业务Internal transaction 外部业务Account 账户Debit 借方Credit 贷方Cash in bank 银行存款Receivable 应收款项Prepaid expense 预付费用Payable 应付款项Unearned revenue 预收收入Withdrawal 提存Temporary account 暂时账户Nominal account 虚账户Real account 实账户Chart of accounts 科目表General ledger 总分类账Normal balance 正常余额Compound journal entry 复式分录General journal 普通日记账Posting过账Accounting cycle 会计循环Adjustment 账项调整Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表Closing 结账Post-closing trial balance 结账后的试算表Voucher 记账凭证Receipt voucher 收款凭证Payment voucher 付款凭证Transfer voucher 转账凭证Debt ratio 负债比率Financial leverage 财务杠杆Time period 会计期间Fiscal year 财政年度Calendar year 日历年度Natural business year 自然经营年度Accrual basis权责发生制、应计制Cash basis 收付实现、现金制Prepaid items 预付项目Unearned items 预收项目Accrued items 应计项目Deferrals and accruals 递延与应计Contra account 备抵账户Net book value 账面净值Closing entries 结账分录Income summary 收益汇总Bookkeeping procedures 账务处理程序Summarized voucher汇总记账凭证Categorized accounts summary 科目汇总表Columnar journal 多栏目日记账Unearned revenue预收收入Advance from customers 预收账款Prepaid expense 待摊费用Accrued expense 预提费用Classified balance sheet 分类资产负债表Working capital 营运资本Long-term investment 长期投资Tangible fixed asset 固定资产Intangible fixed asset 无形资产Shareholders’ equity 股东权益Common shares 普通股股本Retained earnings 留存收益Current ratio 流动比率Sales revenue 销售收入Cost of goods sold 销售成本Gross profit毛利Operating expenses 营业费用Merchandise inventory 商品存货Periodic inventory system 定期盘存制Perpetual inventory system永续盘存制Purchase returns and allowances购货退回与折让Trade discounts商业折扣Credit terms 付款条件Transportation costs 运费FOB destination目的地交货FOB shipping point离岸价格Sales returns and allowances销售退回与折让Sales discounts 销售折扣Debit memorandum 借项备忘录Credit memorandum贷项备忘录Inventory shrinkage存货减值Multiple-step income statement 多步式收益表Special journal特种日记账Subsidiary ledger 明细分类账Control account 控制账户Sales journal 销售日记账Purchases journal购货日记账Cash receipts journal现金收入日记账Cash disbursements journal现金支出日记账Bookkeeping procedures 账务处理程序Acid-test ratio 速动比率Bad debts 坏账Write off 注销Allowance method 备抵法Direct write off method 直接冲销法Aging of accounts receivable method 账龄分析法Credit card sales 信用卡销售Dishonored note receivable 应收票据拒付Discounting note receivable应收票据贴现Contingency 或有事项Contingent liability 或有负债Contingent asset 或有资产Selling accounts receivable应收账款出售Pledging accounts receivable 应收账款抵押Accounts receivable turnover应收账款周转率Specific identification method 个别认定法First-in, first-out method (FIFO)先进先出法Last-in, first-out method (LIFO)后进先出法Replacement costs 重置成本Lower of cost or market method （LCM）成本与市价熟低法Raw materials 原材料Work in process 生产成本Finished goods 完工产品Work-in-process inventory在产品Manufacturing overhead 制造成本Transportation-in 运输费用Income manipulate 利润操纵Inventory shrinkage 存货短缺Gross margin 毛利Net realizable value 可变现净值Provision for decline in value of inventories 存货跌价准备Gross profit method毛利率法Retail inventory methods零售价格法Inventory turnover 存货周转率Time value of time 货币的时间价值Simple versus compound interest单利与复利Future value 终值Present value现值Future value of an annuity 年金终值Present value of an annuity年金现值Bonds payable应付债券Discount on notes payables 应付票据折价Registered bonds 记名债券Coupon bonds 不记名债券Term bonds 到期还本债券Serial bond分期还本债券Convertible bonds 可转换债券Callable bonds可赎回债券Secured bond有担保债券Debenture bonds 无担保债券或风险债券Coupon rate or nominal rate 票面利率或名义利率Market or effective rate 市场利率或实际利率Discount on bond payable 应付债券折价Premium on bonds payable应付债券溢价Loss on redemption of bonds 赎回债券损失Times interest earned 利息保障倍数Subsequent expenditures 后续支出Declining-balance method 余额递减Changes in estimate 估计变更Patents专利Copyrights版权Franchises特许权Trademarks 商标权Goodwill 商誉Pre-operating expenses 开办费Deferred expenses 递延费用Impairment of long-term assets 长期资产的减值Debt security 债权证券Equity securities 股权证券Capital expenditures 资本性支出Revenue expenditures 收益性支出Non-depreciable assets 非折旧资产Operating lease 经营租凭Financing lease 筹资租赁Off-balance sheet financing 表外融资Substance over form实质重于形式Non-monetary exchange 非货币性交易Lump-sum purchase一揽子购入Double-declining-balance method 双倍余额递减Residual value 残值Carrying value账面余额Fixed assets pending disposal 固定资产清理Depletion 折耗Production method (activity method) 工作量法Amortization 摊销Return on assets 资产报酬率Asset turnover 资产周转率Sole proprietorships 独资企业Partnerships合伙企业Authorized stock 核定股本Outstanding shares 发行在外的总股份Par value 面值No-par value 无面值Common stock & preferred stock 普通股与优先股Noncumulative-dividend preference 非累积优先股Cumulative-dividend preference 累积优先股Stock subscriptions 股票认购Capital surplus 资本公积Donated capital 捐赠资本Treasury stock 库藏股Stock buyout 股票回购Retained earnings 留存收益Earnings per share 每股收益Appropriated (or restricted) retained earnings 拨定留存收益Reserve fund 盈余公积Cash dividends 现金分红Stock dividends 股票分红Stock split 股票分割Dividend yield 股利报酬率Price-earnings ratio 市盈率Balance SheetProfit and loss account。