文献出处：Gruman M. Study on the relationship between the employee satisfaction and employee turnover [J]. Human Resource Management Review, 2015, 8(5): 75-86. 原文Study on the relationship between the employee satisfaction and employeeturnoverGruman MAbstractOn employee satisfaction and turnover, this issue from a general point of view, should be lower employee satisfaction, the higher turnover. But in reality there are a variety of situations; "turnover low employee satisfaction" and "high employee satisfaction high turnover" phenomena also exist at the same time. Through investigation we found that the influencing factors of employee turnover in staff satisfaction are one of the important factors, but as a direct result of employees to choose the flow of the most important factor instead of employee satisfaction "the expectation and pursuit of life value" and "economic pressure", it explained the phenomenon from the hand. In addition, due to the dissatisfaction of employees is a kind of subjective psychological feeling, as long as in the many factors that affect the anger of the one on the other hand, in the process of employee satisfaction surveys of the answer may be, but this does not directly lead to employee’s discontent to leave even the turnover intention. Because in many factors, there is always one of the factors to attract employees, encourage employees willing to stay in business. And to make employees tend to leave and eventually create the behavior of the departure is not simply one of the factors affecting employee satisfaction can achieve, to a certain "depth" and "breadth", here is deep refers to the degree of dissatisfaction, breadth refers to how much discontent, only both reached a certain limit, employees will only be by discontent and eventually generate turnover intention and behavior, therefore also by the employees to leave is need a process.Keywords: employee satisfaction; Employee turnover; impact1 IntroductionOn the question of employee turnover also should be positive and negative twoaspects were analyzed. We tend to think of staff turnover to the enterprise caused many negative effects, such as: businesses can't normal operation, thereby causing loss to the artificial cost, affect employee morale and so on. But we should also see turnover of enterprise positive effects: first, moderate erosion is advantageous to the enterprise to new hires, fresh blood, new employees bring new ideas, new methods, new ideas, make the enterprise more energetic; Second, make the enterprise avoid doldrums over stable, lifeless stagnation; Third, to update the enterprise human resources quantity and quality. So, modest turnover is not only beneficial to the development of the enterprise, more conducive to the realization of individual value. Of course, excessive turnover is harmful to the enterprise. At present, it is difficult to use a unified standard to measure the reasonable range of employee turnover, because each enterprise's operating conditions, corporate culture and management mode is different, the simplest way is to use the method of statistics, to classify the staff turnover at the same time the calendar year, find out its regularity, determine a reasonable turnover as the range of enterprise human resources management of the police line. When reached the edge of the police line, take timely preventive measures, therefore, the management of employee turnover is a dynamic process.2 Theoretical overview2.1 The definition of employee satisfactionComprehensive definition, the definition will be the employee's job satisfaction as a general explanation, think that the concept of employee satisfaction is a single, is on the work itself and working environment factors of employees feel a kind of attitude, that is, for all its employees overall reaction. This definition method of characteristics is that job satisfaction is regarded as a single concept, is not involved in all aspects of the job satisfaction, causes and process of formation, its focus on employees for the work itself and relevant environment, a kind of attitude or opinion, emotional reaction to its entire role. With the definition of research scholars have Lake, he thinks that job satisfaction is from the evaluation of individual employees to achieve or help achieve work value and bring pleasant emotional state.Expect type definition. Think such a definition, the degree of employeesatisfaction is expected in the specific work environment should obtain the gap value and actual value, believe that employee job satisfaction is relative to the individual life satisfaction and overall satisfaction, especially the individual as a professional person's satisfaction, is the comparison of the employee compensation, working environment and so on combination of expectations and the actual compensation, working environment, etc, after the combination, it is concluded that the evaluation of job satisfaction. With the definition of research scholars have American psychologist Vroom, he thought the employee job satisfaction depends on the expectations of individual expectations and the actual match degree, expect failed to achieve the satisfaction, is produced only in the work actually expect greater than his expectations, will generate job satisfaction.2.2 Related theoryRepresented by hack man and Laura (Ulcer) job characteristics theory. The basic meaning of job characteristics model is: the employee's job satisfaction is by stimulating employees three psychological state, i.e., the work significance, responsibility and degree of understanding of the work results. Adams equity theory. The core of the theory is that all employees are not satisfied with and satisfaction comes from almost all their fairness perceptions after "comparison”. Psychologists Matson create hierarchy of needs theory. The theory is that the need of human diversity, level, to improve the employee’s job satisfaction, it is necessary to understand their needs, and tries to meet their needs. Only under the premise that meet the needs of employees, to make them get higher job satisfaction.2.3 Employee satisfaction research contentThe research content of job satisfaction in general can be divided into three categories: on the influence factors of job satisfaction and adjustment of the variable research. The study of the results of job satisfaction variables; The evaluation study of job satisfaction. More at present, the research is the study of factors affecting employees' job satisfaction. Organizational psychologist Hertzberg two-factor theory proposed by according to oneself; think that the influencing factors of job satisfaction are divided into: physical environmental factors, social factors and individualpsychological factors. Physical environment factors including workplace conditions, environment and facilities, etc.Social factor refers to the staff's attitude toward work unit management, as well as the degree of identity, belonging to the unit. Individual psychological factors include perceptions of job meaning, attitudes, and supervisor's leadership types and styles, etc.The organizational behavior scholars work cake restaurants did (1986) in the study of job satisfaction has made the detailed discussion, thought the influence factors of job satisfaction include: work autonomy, work pressure, job expectations, self-esteem, personal values and the individual variables such as gender, and so on.3 Staff turnover related research were reviewedEnder, pointed out that employee turnover is refers to people being hired by an organization or leave the organization behavior. Skin, and berg, points out that 'flow including the voluntary and involuntary turnover, including the cause of the involuntary movement is mostly by enterprises laid off or forced to resign, and voluntary flow is from the employee's personal reason. Early in the study of employee turnover factors, the economists are studied, the main investigation such as unemployment, wages affect employee turnover. Subsequently, psychologists, industrial management experts joined the ranks, and starting from the research field of respective analysis of several factors affecting employee turnover, such as opportunities, personal satisfaction, performance, salary satisfaction, etc.After entering the 1980 s, started to pay attention to humanistic management, therefore, research on staff management also more quickly, and then form a separate field of study. In terms of flow affect employee motivation, such as bean still Evan) think, for the employee turnover, should from the internal factors and external incentive comprehensive consideration, and points out that the role of internal factors can affect the flow of the staff; Ham and graves (Ham and Griffith) that is closely related to the turnover factors include gender, age, family burden, the degree of job satisfaction, expectations of work, compensation, performance and promotion, the complexity of the work, business incentives, etc.;Similarly, the top point and the influencing factors of employee turnover including challenging work, work remuneration, training andpromotion opportunities, socioeconomic status, work schedules, job responsibility, autonomy, job security and career development opportunities, etc.4 The employee satisfaction impact on turnoverThere are two main types, namely, two methods of direct and indirect, direct impact on the meaning of the flow is refers to the employees choose employees is the main reason or direct cause of discontent, that is to say, the employees directly caused the active flow of employees. Indirect effect refers to the meaning of the main causes of employee turnover or direct cause is not the employee dissatisfaction, but if we continue to look for deep reason, then in the end, or the most fundamental reason is employee dissatisfaction. This also includes two ways: indirect forced to flow, indirect forced flow mainly refers to employees lead to job enthusiasm for discontent, lower working efficiency, and to the production line workers may produce not concentrate on production, and the staff service attitude in the service industry such as bad, that is to say, employees will discontent to vent to work, which will ultimately affect the enterprise organization efficiency. So that enterprise managers is in the assessment of this part are likely to dismiss employees, even if the flow of employees tends to be low, eventually led to the forced to flow.Indirectly active flow due to the employee's dissatisfaction is a kind of inner psychological reaction, which will make the staff have uncomfortable or suppression, according to the interpretation of the psychology, employees in the case of mental disorders will actively to adjust, just adjust the way different, the ultimate purpose is to achieve cognitive coordination and consistent. Indirect active flow is relative to the case of indirect passive flow, employees will not negatively discontent to vent to the work, but actively looking for other opportunities, such as choose to leave the company, the industry, the city or the region to the other enterprise, industry and development of the city or region, the direct cause of employee turnover in does not directly because of employee dissatisfaction, and possibly to individuals themselves better development. But as long as we explore its causes, or a change of perspective, namely, if the employee satisfaction is high, he might not have to seek the development of other aspects, this time the employee satisfaction is indirect influencethe flow of the staff译文员工满意度与员工流动率关系研究Gruman M摘要在员工满意度与流动率这个问题上，从一般的角度来讲，应是员工满意度越高流动率越低。