Linggu Temple1：景点概况（1分钟）（灵谷寺的历史沿革御赐“天下第一禅林“国民革命阵亡将士公墓”的由来）Linggu Temple is located in the eastern suburbs of Nanjing,on the east of DR.SunYat-sen’sMausoleum.It was first built for a famous monk named Baozhi under the reign of the Liang Dynasty . As time went by ,the name of the temple had changed foe several times.In 1381 emperor zhuyuanzhang wantde the place to be his mausoleum and then he issued an order to move the temple away and rebuilt it in the area where it is now.The emperor granted the temple to be Linggu Buddhist Monastery(灵谷禅寺)and autographed ― No. One Buddhist Monastery(第一禅林)‖ for the gate of temple himself When the temple was first built up, it was very large and magnificent, covering an area of more than 500 mu (about 33.3 hectares or 82 acres) and having hundreds of halls and rooms, which had accommodated over 1000 monks at its most prosperous time..In 1928,Linggu Temple had been destoryed beyond all recognition （面目全非）So Chiang Kai-shek changed it into ―cemetery for the KIAsof the National Revolutionnary Army‖.2：万工池、文武方门、大仁大义坊（2分钟）（万工池”名称及其由来文武方门的建筑特点、门匾和题者、以及门前石狮的由来大仁大义坊的建筑特点、正面和背面的匾额、貔貅的作用和来历）Acrossing the Emperor Bridge,we come to the Set-free Pond for the pilgrims to do good works.According to the legended ,when emperor zhuyuanzhang found this place full of enchanting scenery without water ,he ordered tens of thousands of armymen to dig a pond ,so it is also called Tens of Thousands of Armymen’s Pond.Now we come to . a three-arch square gate of both civil and military officials (文武方门) in an ancient imitation built in 1928 by concrete cement. The gate is roofed by blue-glazed tiles and the red walls on its both sides are also roofed by blue-glazed tiles with KMT emblems(国民党徽) decorated.On the lintel of the gate are four chinese characters meaning‖wonnderful secenery of Linggu,‖written by Mr.Qian songyan,one of the greatest calligraphers in China.Standing in front of the gate are two lions made of white marble(汉白玉石狮). The right one is a male lion with its sharp claws stepping on a stone ball symbolizing the unity of the whole country(象征寰宇一统); the left one is a female playing with a baby lion symbolizing prosperity of offspring(子嗣昌盛). Lion was said to be the divine beast(神兽) and all China’s imperial palaces and emperor’s mausoleums an d Buddhist monasteries as well usually have a pair of stone lions put in their front.When entering the gate and going straight forward, we can see an archway (牌楼). This is the memorial gateway of the officers and men who died(阵亡将士纪念牌坊) for Chinese revolution. It is the site of the former Hall of Heavenly Kings(天王殿旧址). The gateway is an ancient-imitation made of reinforced concrete cement with five arches and carved brackets supporting the eaves from the columns roofed by blue-glazed tiles(五门十一脊钢筋水泥). The horizontal inscribed board on the middle arch is carved with ―Great Justice and Virtue (大仁大义)‖ and the board at its back with ― Salvation of the Nation and People(救国救民)‖.In front of he archway are standing a pair of stone animals named Pixiu. Pixiu said in ancient times is a mythical wild animal looking like both tiger and bear. It was very brave and marching boldly forward(勇猛向前)when it heard the sound of war drum(战鼓). Therefore it was often likened to a brave and skillful soldier in battle(勇猛善战之军士). It is put here to symbolize the national revolutionary army..They were donated by the 17sth Route Army when the paifang was built.3：无梁殿(2分30秒)(建造时间、规模和特色内部陈设：中拱佛台、四壁所嵌110块青石碑及辛亥革命名人蜡像的内容)Go through a footpath planted with luxuriant but well spaced flowers and trees(花木扶疏的小径), we’ll come to the ―Beamless Hall‖ or the ―Hall of Buddha of Infinite Longevity‖ It is the only structure of the Ming Dynasty well preserved in the Linggu Temple. The hall is covered by a double–eaved and nine-ridged roof with three glazed Lamaist pagodas decorated on the top of the ridge. The Beamless Hall is 53.8 meters wide, 22 meters high and 37.85 meters in depth. As the hall is built by bricks and stones with mixed paste of glutinous rice, lime and tung oil as plaster, it did not cave in after fires and wars.The hall was to enshrine and worship the Buddha of Infinite Longevity or the Amitabha Buddha and his two attendants—Goddess of Mercy and Bodhisattva the Great Power-Coming(大势至). In 1928, the National Government(国民政府)moved all the Buddhas away from the hall and turned it into the sacrificial hall to hold memorial ceremony for the martyrs who died in the Northern Expedition War(北伐战争阵亡将士公墓之祭堂).Inlaid in the wall of the middle arch(中拱卷)are three tablet stones. The middle one is engraved with some Chinese characters, meaning ―The Bier of the National Revolutionary Martyrs(国民革命烈士之灵位)‖. ― The dying words of the late prime minister(总理遗嘱)‖ is on the right and the national anthem(国歌) is on the left. In addition, we can see many black marble tablets inlaid in the walls, on which the names and ranks of 33224 martyrs and the places where they died are carved.Now the waxworks of ―the Light of China ―are displayed in some parts of the hall ,reproducing some important historical events and people .4: 一号公墓、松风阁(1分30秒)( 一号公墓的位置公墓的主人墓地的建造特点及周边绿化松风阁的建筑特点及名称演变)Go out of the Beamless Hall we’ll come to a large flower nursery, where is planted with ginkgo trees(银杏), osmanthus flower trees(桂花), peony, Chinese rose(月季) and winter sweet(腊梅)etc., respectively blooming in different seasons of the year. In the middle of the nursery is a ―king‖ of osmanthus trees, that’ll be in full blossom in autumn (or fall). This was the site of the No. one cemetery.On both sides of its rear section are still standing two memorials to martyrs. The right one is for the martyrs of the Nineteenth Route Army who died on January 28, 1932 in the Song-Hu Campaign against the Japanese invaders. The left one is for the martyrs of the Fifth Route Army. Both the armies had 128 martyrs buried in the No. one cemetery. However, the cemetery has been turned into the garden.Make a detour round the enclosure wall, we’ll come to the Pine & Wind Pavilion(松风阁), which was rebuilt in 1931 on the site of the former Buddhist discipline hall(律堂) of the old Linggu Temple. It was the museum in memory of the revolutionary martyrs(革命烈士纪念馆)when it was first built up. The pavilion is an ancient imitated structure made of concrete cement with a double-eaved gable roof of blue-glazed tiles(歇山重檐，琉璃瓦顶). A horizontal board(匾额)written with ―Pine& Wind Pavilion‖ is hanging in the space between the two eaves. Climb up to the top of the pavilion one may best hear soughing of wind in the pines. The pavilion has now been changed into a small shop dealing in souvenirs.5: 灵谷塔(2分30秒)( 原塔和现塔的用途现塔的建筑时间、层数、高度等塔基座简介塔内二至九层石碑及内容) Go up further, we’ll come to Linggu Pagoda, which was rebuilt in1933 as the memorial pagoda of the revolutionary martyrs.It is 9-storeyed octagonal pagoda with a height of 61 meters, built on the site of former Bao Gong Pagoda. In front of the pagoda there are two parallel flights of steps , having a ―red ramp stairs(丹陛式台阶)with stone-carved pattern of ―the blazing sun over the country. On the lintel of the first floor are carved ―Linggu Pagoda‖ in three Chinese characters. The brush writings were done by Gao Yilin, the first director appointed for administration of Dr. Sun Yatsen Mausoleum. The lintel at its back is carved with four seal Chinese characters(篆体字), meaning ―Where there is a will there’s a way(有志竟成)‖. In addition, carved respectively on the lintel of the west and east are another four seal characters, meaning ―Win a great success(成功)‖ and ―Die for a righteous cause(成仁)‖. On the exterior wall of the first floor there are four regular script characters‖jing zhong baoguo‖, meaning serving the nation with the utmost loyalty.The characters were written by Chiang Kaishek. The pagoda was designed by famous architects Mao Fei and Dong Dayou, having a spiral stairs with 8 facetsof 252 steps winding up to the top.The interior walls from the second floor to the fourth are inlaid with 12 tablet stones, on which are carved Dr. Sun’s farewe ll speech before starting the Northern Expedition Campaign. The calligraphy in cursive hand(草书)was done by Yu Youren, the follower of Dr. Sun Yatsen. The walls from the fifth to the eighth are inlaid with 16 tablet-stones, on which are carved with Dr. S un’s speech at the opening ceremony of Whangpoa Military Academy. Ninth floor does not have any stone carvings, but specially designed for visitors to enjoy a distant view.6: 其他（东线）(1分钟)( 灵谷寺及玄奘顶骨舍利、八功德水邓演达墓（二号公墓址）谭延恺墓及墓园)To the east of the Beamless Hall lies the present Linggu Temple, which is much smaller than it was. The temple was rebuilt on the site of the former Hall of Dragon Kings(龙王殿). Inside the gate of temple are the Hall of Heavenly Kings andthe newly-built Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿).. Behind Mahavira Hall is the newly-built Hall of Supreme Bodhi (大遍觉堂or Supreme Enlightment), which has enshrined the parietal relics ( or sarira头顶舍利) of Buddhist master xuan zang (三藏大师)and the treasured materials brought back by Xuan Zhuang who went on the Pilgrimage to the West for Buddhist scriptures. The parietal relics preserved in the gold-gilded Buddha’s Tooth Relic P agoda is the most valuable treasure of China’s Buddhist.To the east of the linggu temple lies ―Eight-Virtue-Water‖known for its special use(clear, cold,fragrant,soft,sweet,purified,non-choking and disease-killing)and the tomb of Deng yada,the second ceremony,the tomb of Tan yankai as well.which is occupied about 20 hectares ,staring from a delicate marble tablet carved with ―dense pine of the Linggu‖.7: 其他（西线）(1分钟)( 宝公塔及三绝碑志公殿及宝志简介)In the bushes west of Pine-Wind Pavilion there are Zhigong Hall.and the single-storeyed Bao Gong pagoda. Zhigong Hall used to be a place for offering sacrifice to the image of Baozhi,a famous monk of Ling danasty .In front of the hall,there is a fork-shaped cast iron also called Flying Scissors.It was used to lift heavy objects in the early Ming Dynasty .Baogong Pagoda was the garve of Baozhi .He was the prototype of a legendary monk Jigong, very familiar to people today . In front of stands the Tablet of Three Great Artists(三绝碑).Engraved on the tablet are a portrait of Bao Zhi, and the verses in praise of the monk. The portrait was painted by Wu Daozi, the verses were composed by Li Bai and the brush-writings of the poem were done by Yan Zhenqing. They are respectively the great painter, great poet and great calligra pher of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore it has been known as the ―Tablet of Three Great Artists‖.。