精品文档一.写作时态以前的研究：过去时，自己研究中做过的事：过去时，其他都用：现在时态。

研究发现的可能解释理由用助动词：can, may, might, it seems that, could,研究结果的评论不确定语气：appear, seem, it is likely that,as illustrated（seen, shown, observed） in Fig.1, as is evident from, from Fig.2, from the results,by observi ng Fig.2, based on the above an alysis,Fig shows that, the results show,It is （can be） revealed （proved, suggested, observed, found, concluded, noticed, seen, believed）that, it is clear to see/observe that, it indicates（shows, imply） that, find out，it is evident that , it is assumed that , As described below, as see n from, as expla ined above, as evide nt from, exhibitit follows that由此断定…，由此得出结论… point out cast doubt on ：对产生怀疑2. 得到、获得、obta in, get, atta in, capture, acquire, achieve, gain, 完成，实现：complete, accomplish, realize, 通过什么方式去做，利用/使用through/via/by/with doing sth, using sth,by use of, by means of, make use of, with the aid of use, employ, utilize, adopt, put to use, put into use, apply,影响Affect, i nflue nee, impact on, have an effect on,发生，开始，occur, take place, happe n, comme nee, begi n, start, to start with, to begi n with, at the beg inning,显然、明显，Obviously, distinctly, clearly, significantly, apparently, remarkable, as see n, con spicuous,striking, dramatically解释，说明，考虑Explain, account for, allow for , take account for/of, be indicative of （表明，说明）Con sideri ng, take into acco unt, with/without/i n 精品文档con sideratio n of, regard ing, concerning,描述、提出、说明：Illustrate, manifest, present, show, indicate, cite, describe, summarize, depict, anno tate, appear, take on, plot, dem on strate, propose, put forward, put forth, 比较大小、多少Less tha n, greater, more, larger, comparable（可比较的，相当的）经验的Empirical, experime ntal,做，执行等，Carry out, con duct, perform, do, impleme nt,一致性：Have a good agreement, in good agreement with, match very well with, agree well with, show good agreeme nt, i n full agreeme nt with, in line withcorresponding to/with, consistent with, in good accorda nce with, coin cide with, con cord with, fit well with研究，调查Study, in vestigate, explore, exploratory exam ine, make an in vestigati on on/of/in to, carry out a research 达至U, To reach this objectiveReach, approach, up to, add up to, come to, arrive, bey ond, out of reach,验证，假设Validate, verify, justify , hypothesizeAssume, suppose, assumpti on, hypothesis, assume to be, it is assumed that postulate 公设增加、上升、减少、下降In crease, decrease, reduce, reduce to, in crease by（增加了多少）,increase up to（增加到）,rise to, give rise to, sth arise, increase with （随…增长/增加）完全地，基本地，详细地，具体地，深入的，类似地，Completely, entirely, adequately, mostly, extremely, truly, in deed, really, actually, mainly, primarily, detailed, in detail, in great detail, in more detail, for more details, Deeper, deeply, better, in depth,similarly, in adequately, no tably, overly（过度地、极度地）,Experime ntally,改善、提高：improve, promote, boost, enhance, facilitate,相关，包括，大约大概：concerned with, relate to, with regard to,精品文档Be involved in/with, with respect to, be concerned with, as for,Around, about, approximately,决定：determ ine, decide, depe nd on ,rely on目的、试图：an attempt to, aim at, in an attempt to, the objective is, in order to, the aim of is tothe aim of this research is to do the purpose is , be aimed at,经历，保持：hold, keep, undergo, experienee, remain, retai n,导致：cause, in duce, lead to, result in, origi nate from, arise from,根据，基于：accord ing to, in terms of, i n the light of, judge by, on the basis of, i n view of, based on,On behalf of, in the form of, referring to, with refere nee to, i n refere nee to除了：other than, apart from, with the exception of, except for/that, besides, in additi on, additi on ally, 理论上，事实上：in principle, in practice, in fact, in reality, in theory, theoretically,从某种程度上：|To some exte nt, to a large/certa in exte nt, i n a way, in a sen se, to some degree, in some sen se,from the viewpo ints of , from the perspective of, 得出结论：draw a conclusion, come to/reach a con clusi on,推断,猜测：Infer，derive from, deduce, speculate,认为，当作Con sider as, regard as, refer to as,建立模型establish, create，build，run/do the simulatio nin the case of : 在… 情况下遵循趋势：obey, follow trend, tendency ,组成con sist of , contain, be composed of, i nclude,强调：highlight, emphasize, lay emphasis on , the emphasis is layed on集中：focus on, concentrate on , be centered on 设定为to set to be辨另U、区分：d iscern, differentiate , identify as,其他专业词汇表达small batch product ion, small qua ntity product ion, high volume product ion, mass product ion, metal-formed product, micro-formed part, reproducibility: 再现性、重复性experimental determination, in particular, especially, 评估，评价：evaluate, assess,扮作：act as,分离，隔绝，separate from, isolate, set apart from 缺少：in the abse nee of by convention :按照传统，惯例，使成为：make sth sthno Ion ger （不再）but rather（相反的） be typical of （典型的）成反比：in versely scale with 涉及，牵涉至U: in volve, cover,拓展：exte nd into 最近，新近more recently , 到目前为止，迄今to date,解释、提示原因或结果的转接词：attribute to, because, as a result of, therefore, thereby, in gen eral, con seque ntly, as predicted, in con clusi on, sin ce, as for, fin ally, hen ce, thus, as, for, due to, in summary, because of, when, cause, on account of, result in, owing to, con tribute to, tha nks to, lead to, the reas on is, that is because, devoted to, accord in gly, as a con seque nee of, arise from起逻辑演进作用的转接词：递进关系，不但…而且…等Furthermore, in additi on, besides, first, sec ond, third, fin ally, lastly, moreover, i ncide ntally, in fact, i n truth, as a matter of fact, for example, such as, next, then, for in sta nee, take an in sta nee of , likewise/as such（同样）,again（此外），at root, as well as, as follows, in the follow ing, below, based on, above, above-me nti on ed, aforementioned, as with（正如，与一样，就来说）,as noted（正如前面所提到的），additi on ally,in parallel, as stated（如上所述） meanwhile :同时对比词，表示逻辑演进方向即将改变如但是等But, however, in stead, n evertheless, despite, surprisingly, in spite of, nonetheless, in/by contrastto/with , for comparis on, whereas, while, even though, 精品文档although, compared with, regardless of, as compared to, with regard to, in relation to, by contrast, irrespective of, in comparis on to与联系，联合：in associati on with同时, 同样的，at the same time, in the same way, in the same time对应关系A vs.B versus三.英文研究论文中的表达句子substitute equation (1) into equation (2)把代入等式The scale in Fig (a) runs from black for low values to white for the highest Schmid factors.offers more in sight i nto,holds for all three materials，四.英文科技论文中的语言技巧，不可不看a) 如何指出当前研究的不足以及有目的地引导出自己的研究的重要性通常在叙述了前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，比如However, little in formati on..little atte ntio n...little work...little datalittle researchor few studiesfew in vestigati on s...few researchers...few attempts...or nonone of these studieshas (have) bee n lessdone on ...focused onattempted tocon ductedin vestigatedstudied(with respect to) Previous research (studies, records) has (have) failed to con siderignoredmisi nterpretedn eglected tooverestimated, un derestimatedmisleadedthus, these previous results areincon clusive, misleadi ng, un satisfactory, questi on able, con troversial..Un certa in ties (discrepa ncies) still exist ...这种引导一般提出一种新方法，或者一种新方向。