2015年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe,occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland.The capital and largest city is Dublin,whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6million inhabitants.The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland.It is a unitary,parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state.The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty,Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in1922.Initially a dominion,Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of1931.A new constitution was adopted in1937,by which the name of the state became“Ireland.”In1949,Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita.In1973,Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth,coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality.The country achieved considerable prosperity from1995to2007.This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in2008,in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In2011and2013Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index.It also performs well in several metrics of national performance,including freedom of the press,economic freedom and civil liberties.It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at4,588,252in2011,an increase of8.2percent since2006.As of2011, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union(16births per1,000of population).In2012,35.1percent of births were to unmarried women.Annual population growth rates exceeded2percent during the2002-2006 period,which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration.This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent2006-2011period,with an average growth rate of1.6percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality.In2011,Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe,and second most charitable in the world.Contraception was controlled in Ireland until1979, however,the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society.In1983, the Eighth Amendment recognized“the right to life of the unborn”,subject to qualifications concerning the“equal right to life”of the mother.The passage of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad,and the right to learn about“services”that are illegal in Ireland,but legal abroad.The prohibition on divorce in the1937Constitution was repealed in1995under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland,while discrimination based on age,gender,sexual orientation,marital or familial status,religion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in2002and a public smoking ban in2004.Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following passage into English.冲突对抗，是构建中美新型大国关系的必要前提。
有研究显示，历史上大约有过15次新兴大国的崛起，其中有11次与既有大国之间发生了对抗和战争。
但现在的世界已今非昔比，中美之间乃至全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体，对抗将是双输，战争没有出路。
不冲突、不对抗的宣示，就是要顺应全球化潮流，改变对中美关系的负面预期，解决两国之间的战略互不信，构建对中美关系前景的正面信心。
相互尊重，是构建中美新型大国关系的基本原则。
世界是多样的，中美作为两个社会制度不同、历史文化背景各异，同时又利益相互交织的大国，相互尊重就显得尤为重要。
我们只有相互尊重对方人民选择的制度与道路，相互尊重彼此的核心利益与关切，才能求同存异，进而聚同化异，实现两国的和谐相处。
合作共赢，是中美构建新型大国关系的必由之路。
中美双方在双边关系各领域都有着广泛合作需求和巨大合作潜力。
此外，作为两个大国，环顾当今世界，从反恐到网络安全，从核不扩散到气候变化，从中东和平到非洲发展，也都离不开中美两国的共同参与、合作和贡献。
2015年11月英语三级笔译真题参考答案英译汉大师兄点评：2015年11月英语三级笔译英译汉第一篇来自维基百科“爱尔兰”词条，本文介绍的是爱尔兰国家的概况，主要包括爱尔兰的独立历史、经济现状、人口出生率等几个方面，内容比较零散。
全文共8段580词，符合三级笔译大纲英译汉文章单词余约600词的要求，本文的难度不大。
较有难度的地方主要包括以下几个方面。
这些主要是涉及到爱尔兰的历史、宗教以及爱尔兰和英国的关系，需要考生有一定的政治常识。
第一段中的“It is a unitary,parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state”这句应该翻译为“中央集权的议会制共和国”，“unitary”为“中央集权的”，而不是“单一的”后的“thehead of government”应该翻译为“总理”，而非“政府首脑”。