Leadership
Job stress
Coping
Job design
OHP
Socialization
Assessment
Team
Motivation
OHP 與諮商/臨床心理學
Vocational Guidance Career Counseling Employee Assistance Individual/family counseling Stress Management
labour-intensive
social changes:
high-tech, service sector
traditional
Westernization, modernization
△Taiwanese industrial workers vs. British
worse physical health
職場健康心理學 Occupational health psychology (OHP)
陸洛 中央大學人力資源管理研究所
Cost of job stress
△Stress-related organizational costs:
50% of absenteeism 40% of turnover
– A worker becomes temporarily or permanently disabled every 10 seconds
誰
– 60%-70% of adult male population – 30-60% of adult female population – 23% of the population of children and
OHP的終極目標
• 健康的職場 (Healthy workplace)
發揮潛能 (use talents) 卓越績效 (high performance) 工作滿足 (high satisfaction) 幸福人生 (well-being)
OHP 與其他心理學領域
Cognitive
Social/Health
(DOL, 2001)
• Medical model: 沒有職業傷害和疾病就
是健康
職場健康的再定義
• WHO model: A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
adolescents who are 5 to 17 years old
• Nonworking population
職場健康的醫學模式
• 職業傷害＝任何因工作而產生的傷害 • 職業疾病＝any abnormal condition or
disorder, caused by exposure to factors associated with employment
IO
OHP Perception
Clinical
Developmental
OHP 與其他專業
Management
Epidemiology
OHP
Health and Safety
Ergonomics
Industrial Hygiene
Medicine/Nursing
OHP 與工商心理學
Recruitment Selection Placement Training Job analysis Performance evaluation
△Stress-related life costs:
– 137 individuals die of work-related disease every day.
– 16 die of injuries sustained at work ever day
– A worker becomes injured every 5 seconds
5% of reduced productivity ($300 billion in US)
(Matteson & Ivancevich, 1987)
△Stress-related national costs:
12% of GNP (US), 10% of GNP (UK)
(Quick et al.,1990;Cartwright & Cooper,1996)
“somaticization”
better mental health, similar job satisfaction
(Lu et al., 1994)
△ 1 in 11 Taiwanese nurses suffered mental
ill-health, 1 in 4 suffered physical ill-health, at a level comparable to British psychiatric patients.
OHP
職場健康的相關因子
• 組織層面
– 組織氣氛 (Climate) – 組織支持 (Support) – 領導統御 (Leadership) – 工作壓力 (Stressors) – 組織精簡 (Downsizing) – 技術設備 (Technology) – 公平正義 (Equity) – 組織制度 (Policies)
• 個人層面
− 工作/家庭衝突
(W/F conflict) – 身體狀況
(Physical characteristics) – 心理特徵 (Psychological characteristics) – 個人價值 (Values)
Work stress in Taiwan
△economic changes:
• OHP＝the application of psychology to protect and promote the safety, health, and well being of workers and to improve the quality of work life
(American Psychological Association, 1998).