毕业论文外文文献Photography PenFilm director and critic Alexander Astruc's comments in today, wrote a famous:"Following a variety of other arts, especially painting, novel, film is rapidly becoming a tool to express ideas. It swept the market, a mall next to the theater's entertainment products. It is a well preserved image of the times methods. Now is gradually becoming a language, that is, the artist can use it to express themselves through a means of thinking, no matter how abstract this idea, or that it is also used as a kind of artists like prose or fiction a form to express their themes. So, I put this new era for film today called "photo pen" era, that era of writing, the use of the camera ……"Silent film attempts to use symbolic links to all the concept and meaning of the expression. We know, Lenovo exist in the image itself, naturally present in the film development process, there is the role of performance in each posture and expression, present in every word of in; also present in the camera movement, this movement linked to a piece of things, to link people and things ……"Obviously, that is, screenwriter making his own films. Or even say that there is no longer what the movie writer. Because, in such films, the playwright and director, there is nothing between significantdifferences and his film is not just a painting or performance of a scene the way, but a real way to write movies …… "Astruc's article have not been forgotten, because it used a very illustrative nature of the term - "Photography pen" - that educated young people began to consider the use of the French art of film such a practice. This is a tool to express ideas and feelings through it, like a novelist, film writer can, like, speak freely, she described the thoughts and feelings. Naturally, beyond reproach, the camera has become the pen with them to create.Is a writer, film director - or more accurately the performance of a French word - author. French film has been controlled in the hands of writers. If health is carne Pleasant creation, Spike for the DU Wei Will the creation. Moreover, the authors also controlled the director; onthis point, critics have begun to recognize that it is futile. Astruc and other followers were also noted between the author and the director, no longer exists any real difference. They believe, like many other art forms as works of art are often the perfect control by a person arising from, which must make large and heavy work condensed into one movie (creator) manageable level.To meet such a requirement, shall be the whole incident process more simple, realistic and more personalized way to take pictures, as less interference in the natural development of real events, real movie that came into being. This is for those people who want to become writers, is indeed a tempting proposal. The first representative of "New Wave" filmis widely used in the direct shot at the scene techniques, including improvisation shooting method.Another impact is the development of the wide-screen movies. In some ways, wide-screen movies are highly concise approach to the development of an important art form. As we have already discussed it, wide-screen to avoid too many"interpretative" clip.Therefore, the camera trying to be as a pen to a writer, as directly as the creative desire to shoot and it is able to achieve a high degree requirements concise closely related. At the same time, we will realize that this is not a "photo pen" by the application of this principle the only aspect. Directly in the filming and concise nature of the problem must be the theme and characters for the performance of the complexity of services. It is quite common in the novel; the film actually has very rare.The inevitable result of the development of these tendencies is another form of a new generation of film. Not is an early attention to the film industry veteran Pierre Melville next to the characteristics of such films had a wonderful definition:This is an excellent and film method. Shooting in natural scenes, there is no movie star, with little staff, very fast film, film did not release terms of security, not accredited, but also without any obligation.He said this film, later known as the new wave film school, the "New Wave."References:Karle Resize and Gavin Miller(The Technique of film Editing(Hastings House Publishers，1977，305-306(译文摄影笔电影导演兼评论家亚历山大?阿斯特吕克在当今的一篇著名评论里写道:“继其它各种艺术，特别是绘画、小说之后，电影正在迅速地成为一种表达思想的工具。