步进电机控制系统外文翻译文献步进电机控制系统外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)译文：步进电机运动控制系统设计论文关键词：步进电机单片机调速系统论文摘要：步进电机是将电脉冲信号转变为角位移或线位移的开环控制元件。
在非超载的情况下，电机的转速、停止的位置只取决于脉冲信号的频率和脉冲数，而不受负载变化的影响，即给电机加一个脉冲信号，电机则转过一个步距角。
这一线性关系的存在，加上步进电机只有周期性的误差而无累积误差等特点。
使得在速度、位置等控制领域用步进电机来控制变的非常的简单。
步进电机的调速一般是改变输入步进电机的脉冲的频率来实现步进电机的调速，因为步进电机每给一个脉冲就转动一个固定的角度，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电机的调速。
在本设计方案中采用AT89C51型单片机内部的定时器改变CP脉冲的频率从而实现对步进电机的转速进行控制，实现电机调速与正反转的功能。
前言步进电机最早是在1920年由英国人所开发。
1950年后期晶体管的发明也逐渐应用在步进电机上，这对于数字化的控制变得更为容易。
以后经过不断改良，使得今日步进电机已广泛运用在需要高定位精度、高分解性能、高响应性、信赖性等灵活控制性高的机械系统中。
在生产过程中要求自动化、省人力、效率高的机器中，我们很容易发现步进电机的踪迹，尤其以重视速度、位置控制、需要精确操作各项指令动作的灵活控制性场合步进电机用得最多。
步进电机作为执行元件，是机电一体化的关键产品之一, 广泛应用在各种自动化控制系统中。
随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，在各个国民经济领域都有应用。
步进电机是将电脉冲信号变换成角位移或直线位移的执行部件。
步进电机可以直接用数字信号驱动，使用非常方便。
一般电动机都是连续转动的，而步进电动机则有定位和运转两种基本状态，当有脉冲输入时步进电动机一步一步地转动，每给它一个脉冲信号，它就转过一定的角度。
步进电动机的角位移量和输入脉冲的个数严格成正比，在时间上与输入脉冲同步，因此只要控制输入脉冲的数量、频率及电动机绕组通电的相序，便可获得所需的转角、转速及转动方向。
在没有脉冲输入时，在绕组电源的激励下气隙磁场能使转子保持原有位置处于定位状态。
因此非常适合于单片机控制。
步进电机还具有快速启动、精确步进和定位等特点，因而在数控机床，绘图仪，打印机以及光学仪器中得到广泛的应用。
步进电动机已成为除直流电动机和交流电动机以外的第三类电动机。
传统电动机作为机电能量转换装置，在人类的生产和生活进入电气化过程中起着关键的作用。
步进电机可以作为一种控制用的特种电机，利用其没有积累误差(精度为100%)的特点，广泛应用于各种开环控制。
现在比较常用的步进电机包括反应式步进电机（VR）、永磁式步进电机（PM）、混合式步进电机（HB）和单相式步进电机等。
一步进电机的工作原理步进电机是一种用电脉冲进行控制 ,将电脉冲信号转换成相位移的电机 ,其机械位移和转速分别与输入电机绕组的脉冲个数和脉冲频率成正比 ,每一个脉冲信号可使步进电机旋转一个固定的角度.脉冲的数量决定了旋转的总角度 ,脉冲的频率决定了电机运转的速度.当步进驱动器接收到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度(称为“步距角”)，它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。
可以通过控制脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。
二步进电机详细调速原理步进电机的调速一般是改变输入步进电机的脉冲的频率来实现步进电机的调速，因为步进电机每给一个脉冲就转动一个固定的角度，这样就可以通过控制步进电机的一个脉冲到下一个脉冲的时间间隔来改变脉冲的频率，延时的长短来具体控制步进角来改变电机的转速，从而实现步进电的调速。
具体的延时时间可以通过软件来实现。
这就需要采用单片机对步进电机进行加减速控制,实际上就是改变输出脉冲的时间间隔,单片机控制步进电机加减法运转可实现的方法有软件和硬件两种 ,软件方法指的是依靠延时程序来改变脉冲输出的频率,其中延时的长短是动态的,软件法在电机控制中, 要不停地产生控制脉冲, 占用了大量的CPU 时间,使单片机无法同时进行其他工作;硬件方法是依靠单片机内部的定时器来实现的,在每次进入定时中断后,改变定时常数,从而升速时使脉冲频率逐渐增大,减速时使脉冲频率逐渐减小,这种方法占用CPU 时间较少,在各种单片机中都能实现,是一种比较实用的调速方法。
三控制的测定因本次设计的要求，选用三相三拍步进电机，单片机选用89C51作为控制器。
选取用8279来驱动显示和键盘。
选用8713作为步进电机的驱动芯片并通过光电耦合来驱动步进电机。
然后由于步进电机同轴的光电编码器作为反馈元件，并把反馈回的信号经CPU处理后再由显示器显示出来。
但由键盘输入的速度数值了得通过显示器来显示，固本次设计要两排显示，一排来显示给定的转速一排来显示实际的转速。
四微控制器的选择本次设计以CPU选用89C5l作为步进电机的控制芯片．89C51的结构简单并可以在编程器上实现闪烁式的电擦写达几万次以上．使用方便等优点，而且完全兼容MCS5l系列单片机的所有功能。
AT89C51是一种带4K字节闪烁可编程可擦除只读存储器（FPEROM—FAlsh ProgrAmmABle And ErAsABle ReAd Only Memory）的低电压，高性能CMOS8位微处理器，俗称单片机。
该器件采用ATMEL高密度非易失存储器制造技术制造，与工业标准的MCS-51指令集和输出管脚相兼容。
由于将多功能8位CPU和闪烁存储器组合在单个芯片中，ATMEL的AT89C51是一种高效微控制器，为很多嵌入式控制系统提供了一种灵活性高且价廉的方案原文：Stepper Motor Motion Control System DesignPaper Keywords:stepping motor speed control system microcontrollerPaper Abstract: The stepper motor is the electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement of the open-loop control components. In the non-overload case, the motor speed, and stop location depends only on pulse frequency and pulse number, without the load change, that is, to add an electrical pulse signal, a step motor is turned away from the corner. The existence of this linear relationship, coupled with only a periodic error of stepper motors without the accumulated error and so on. Made in terms of speed, position and other control areas to control the stepper motor used become very simple. Stepper motor speed control in general is to change the input frequency of stepper motor pulses to achieve the stepper motor speed, because the stepper motor to a pulse on each rotation a fixed angle, so that you can by controlling the stepper motor a pulse to the next a pulse time interval to change the pulse frequency, the length of delay to specific controls to change the angle stepper motor speed, in order to achieve speed control stepper motor. In this design the use of AT89C51 microcontroller-based timer to change theinternal pulse frequency of CP in order to achieve the speed of stepper motor control, motor speed and the realization of positive inversion functions.PrefaceStepper motors in 1920 was first developed by the British. Late 1950 invention of the transistor is gradually applied to stepper motor, which controls for the digital easier. Through continuous improvement in the future, makes today's stepper motors have been widely used in require high positioning accuracy, high decomposition performance, high responsiveness, reliability and other flexible and highly controlled mechanical systems. Required in the production process automation, save manpower resources, efficient machines, we can easily find traces of stepper motors, in particular, to focus attention on the speed, position control, operation of the Directive requires precise movements and flexible stepper motor controlled by occasion the most. Stepper motor as the actuator is a mechanical and electrical integration, one of the key products, widely used in a variety of automatic control systems. With the development of microelectronics and computer technology, increasing demand for stepper motors, has applications in various economic fields.Stepper motor is converted into electrical pulses angular displacement or linear displacement of the implementation of the components. Stepper motor can be driven directly from a digital signal,use very convenient. General motors are continuous rotation, while the stepper motors there are two kinds of location and operation of the basic state, when a pulse input when the stepper motor rotating step by step, each to give it a pulse signal, it turned a certain angle. Stepper motor angular displacement volume and the number of strictly proportional to the input pulse in time with the input pulse synchronization, as long as the control input the number of pulses, frequency and electrical power windings of the phase sequence, can get the corner speed and direction of rotation. In the absence of pulse input, in the windings inspired by the power rotor air-gap magnetic field can maintain its original location in a targeted state. Therefore very suitable for microcomputer control. Stepper motor also has a quick start, precise stepping and positioning characteristics, and thus in NC machine tools, plotters, printers, and optical instruments are widely used. In addition to stepping motor has become a DC motor and AC motor other than the third type of motor. Conventional electric motors as electrical and mechanical energy conversion device, in human production and life of the electrification process plays a key role. Stepper motor can be used as a control using special motors, using its no accumulation of error (accuracy of 100%) of the features, is widely used in a variety of open-loop control.Now more commonly used in stepper motor including reactive stepping motor (VR), permanent magnet stepper motor (PM), hybridstepper motors (HB) and single-phase stepper motor and so on. Chapter 1 an overview of stepper motorstepper motor works:Stepper motor is an electric impulse control, will be converted to electrical pulse signal phase shift of the motor, the mechanical displacement and speed of motor windings, respectively the input pulse and pulse frequency is proportional to the number of each step pulse signal can into the motor rotating a fixed angle. the number of pulses determines the total rotation angle, pulse frequency determines the speed of motor operation. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it will drive a stepper motor to set the direction of rotation according to a fixed angle (known as "step angle"), which is based on a fixed point of the rotation step by step operation. By controlling the pulse number to control the amount of angular displacement, so as to achieve accurate positioning purposes; the same time, by controlling the pulse frequency to control the motor rotation speed and acceleration, so as to achieve the purpose of speed.Details of stepper motor speed control principleStepper motor speed control in general is to change the input frequency of stepper motor pulses to achieve the stepper motor speed, because the stepper motor to a pulse on each rotation a fixed point of view, so that you can by controlling the stepper motor a pulse to the next a pulse time interval to change the pulse frequency, the length ofdelay to specific controls to change the angle stepper motor speed, in order to achieve step-speed power. A specific delay time can be achieved through software.This requires use of SCM acceleration and deceleration of the stepper motor control, in fact, to change the output pulse time interval, microcontroller-controlled stepper motor enables operation of addition and subtraction methods are two kinds of software and hardware and software methods that is attributable mainly to delay proceedings to change the pulse output frequency, in which the length of delay is dynamic, the software method in motor control, we must constantly produce control pulses, taking up a lot of CPU time so that SCM can not be at the same time other work; hardware approach is to rely on the internal microcontroller timer to achieve, in each time into the timer interrupt, the change from time to time constants, and thus speed up time to pulse frequency gradually increased, when slowing down to make pulse frequency gradually decreases This method take up CPU time, less can be achieved in a variety of MCU is a more practical method of speed control.Determination of ControlA result of this the design requirements, selection of three-phase three-beat stepping motor, use 89C51 microcontroller as a controller. Select the used 8279 to drive the display and keyboard. Use 8713 as the stepper motor driver chip through the optical coupling todrive a stepper motor. And then because of stepper motor coaxial optical encoder as a feedback component, and to the signal fed back by the CPU processing, then displayed by the monitor. However, the speed value from the keyboard input through the display to show the terrible, the strengths of two rows of sub-design to show a row to show a row of a given speed to show the actual speed. Microcontroller SelectionThe design for CPU use 89C5l as a stepper motor control chip. 89C51's structure is simple and can be implemented on the programmer type of electrical erasable flash reaches tens of thousands or more times. The advantages of ease of use, and is fully compatible with all the features of MCS5l series of microcontrollers. AT89C51 is a kind of 4K bytes of flash erasable programmable read-only memory (FPEROM-FAlsh ProgrAmmABle And ErAsABle ReAd Only Memory) of the low-voltage, high-performance CMOS8-bit microprocessors, commonly known as microcontrollers. The device uses high-density non-volatile memory ATMEL manufacturing technology manufacturing, and industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and output pins are compatible. Owing to the multi-function 8-bit CPU and flash memory combined in a single chip, ATMEL The AT89C51 is a highly effective micro-controllers, embedded control systems for many provides a high degree of flexibility and low cost programs。