第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍 三、国籍的取得(the acquisition of nationality) (一)因出生取得国籍(on basis of birth) 2.出生地主义标准(jus soli, right of the territory)，是以出 生者的出生地决定其国籍。采用这种标准的国家之国籍法 规定，只要在其领土内出生就具有该国国籍，而不论出生 者的父母是ionality law in continental Europe is historically based upon the Napoleonic Code which established that for purposes of nationality, that of the father was primary. For many years, therefore, in Europe and in former European colonies, women could not transmit their nationality to their children born in wedlock. ❖ 双系血统原则： Many of these laws have since been changed, with the Arab states being an exception. In some Arab states, women married to foreigners cannot transmit their nationality to their children.
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍
二、关于国籍的立法 关于国籍的立法称为国籍法，它的内容包括规定个人国籍 的取得、丧失以及处理国籍冲突的原则和规则。
The branch of law concerned with the questions of nationality and citizenship, and how these statuses are transmitted, acquired, or lost. The law of each state primarily determines who are its nationals.
❖ Either the father or mother must normally be a citizen of the country in question in order for the child to be a citizen. 3.混合主义标准，即兼采血统主义标准和出生地主义标准。
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍
三、国籍的取得(the acquisition of nationality)
(一)因出生取得国籍(on basis of birth) 1.血统主义标准(jus sanguinis, or blood rule)，是以父母任何一方或仅以父亲 的国籍决定出生者的国籍，而不问其出生地。
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍
一、国籍的概念和意义 ❖ 国籍表示个人具有某个国家的公民资格或身份，与该国保
持着永久的法律联系，处于该国的属人优越权之下。 Nationality, in law, condition or status of belonging to, or having legal identity with, a nation or state. ❖ 国籍是国家区分本国人和外国人的根据。 国籍是确定属人管辖权的根据。
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍 三、国籍的取得 (the acquisition of nationality)
(二)因入籍取得国籍(On the basis of being naturalized) ❖ 个人因入籍(亦称归化)而取得的国籍称继有国籍。继有国
籍是国家依据个人出生之后与该国发生联系的事实(这样 的联系事实与个人出生无关)而赋予的国籍。 ❖ Naturalization is the acquisition of citizenship or nationality by somebody who was not a citizen or national of that country when he or she was born.
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍 Nationality 第二节 外国人的法律地位 The Legal Status of Aliens 第三节 外交保护 Diplomatic Protection 第四节 引渡 Extradition 第五节 庇护 Asylum 第六节 难民的法律地位 The Legal Status of Refugees
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍
二、关于国籍的立法 ❖ 国内立法：
第一个单行国籍法是1842年《普鲁士国籍法》 国际公约： ❖ 1930年《关于国籍法冲突的若干问题的公约》 ❖ 1954年《关于无国籍人地位的公约》 ❖ 1957年《已婚妇女国籍公约》
第三章 国际法上的个人
第一节 国籍
三、国籍的取得(the acquisition of nationality) By one rule of international customary law, a person who is born within a state’s territory and subject to its jurisdiction acquires that state’s nationality by the fact of such birth. By another rule, one has a nationality as an inheritance from one or both of one’s parents. States vary in the use of the two principles.