专题11 代词、介词和介词短语【2020年】1.(2020·新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so 65 the familiar near side.【答案】than【解析】考查介词。
句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。
根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。
故填than。
2.(2020·新课标I卷)Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【答案】its【解析】考查代词。
句意同上。
根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
3.(2020·新课标I卷)After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove,I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.【答案】将off改为on【解析】考查介词。
句意:之后我把油倒进一个平底锅,然后开火。
根据I poured oil into a pan及常识可知,把油倒进锅里后应是打开炉子,所以此处应使用短语turn on,故将off改为n。
4.(2020·新课标I卷)"Not that way,"my mom tried to stop us but failed.【答案】将us改为me【解析】考查代词。
句意:“不是那样。
”我的妈妈尽力阻止我,但是失败了。
根据上文可知,是作者一个人做菜,此处指妈妈尽力阻止“我”,应使用第一人称单数的宾格,故将us改为me。
5.(2020·新课标II卷)Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【答案】than【解析】句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than不仅仅,不只是。
故填than。
6.(2020·新课标II卷)Then I can spare some time to learn it again, such that we can practice together on every day.【答案】去掉on【解析】考查介词。
句意:我们就可以每天一起练习。
介词on后接的是具体时间。
every day 译为“每一天”,前不能用有任何介词修饰。
故on多余,应去掉。
7.(2020·新课标II卷)Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.【答案】将yours改为your【解析】考查代词。
句意:祝你在中国学习功夫好运。
分析句子,best luck of you 译为“祝你好运”是固定短语。
故将your改为you。
句中的yours为名词性物主代词,不可修饰后面的动名词。
故将yours改为your。
8.(2020·新课标III卷)The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70.earth, Mother Nature.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。
句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。
结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。
故填on。
9. (2020·江苏卷)Taking on this challenge will bring you _____ someone who shares your interests.A. in exchange forB. in answer toC. in contact withD. in memory of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析。
句意:接受这个挑战会让你和你有共同兴趣的人接触。
A. in exchange for 作为交换;B. in answer to回答;C. in contact with接触,与……有联系;D. in memory of纪念。
根据空后someone who shares your interests及常识可知,此处指“和与你有共同兴趣的人接触”。
故选C。
10. (2020·江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for______.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever【答案】D【解析】考查代词词义辨析。
句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧,然后全力以赴。
A. whichever无论哪个;B. whenever无论何时;C. wherever无论何地;D. whatever无论什么。
分析句子成分可知,此处做goes for的宾语,指代“任何事情”,whatever符合语境。
故选D。
11.(2020·天津卷)For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake ______ a monkey.A.in the shape of B.beyond the reach ofC.at the mercy of D.on the side of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语辨析。
句意:我五岁生日的时候,妈妈给我烤了一个猴子形状的蛋糕。
A. in the shape of呈……形状;B. beyond the reach of超出……的能力之外C. at the mercy of 受……的支配;D. on the side of 拥护……,站在……的一边。
蛋糕是猴子“形状”的。
故选A。
12.(2020·山东卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) andimagine 42.(they) living at a different time in history or 43(walking)(walk)through a rainforest.【答案】themselves【解析】考查反身代词。
句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。
此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。
故填themselves。
13.(2020·山东卷)Museums must compete 45 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。
句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。
此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”。
故填for。
14.(2020·浙江卷)Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 56.,through agriculture.56.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。
句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。
分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。
故填in。
【2019年】1.【2019·天津卷·】A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than_________who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。
句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。
空格处代词与the students是对应关系,可以用the ones或者those替代。
“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与the students形成对应关系。
“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。
故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷·】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees' professional development.A. in effectB. in commandC. in turnD. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。
句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。
A. in effect实际上;B. in command指挥;C. in turn轮流,依次;D. in shape在外形上,处于良好的状态。
故选A。
3.【2019·新课标I卷】Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。
此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of 连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。
或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。