外国语学院教案班级：20080311-6教师：王进军课程：英语科研方法与论文写作2010-2011学年第2学期School of Foreign Languages 外国语学院Teaching Plan教案Chapter 8Chapter 8 Front matter and back matter (continued)● Teaching objectivesFocus onHow to design the cover of your paper?How to produce the prospectus of your paper?How to document the outline page and the abstract page?How to give your paper a title?How to express your acknowledgement to those who help you with your research?How to make notes?How to add an appendix to your paper?How to document all the materials of the final draft of your paper?How to prepare yourself for the oral defense of your paper?● Teaching aidsPPT, Video, testing sheets● Teaching proceduresAfter finishing the final draft of your paper, you are supposed to do or provide with several additional things, including acknowledgement, notation, appendixes, the final bibliography or references, the final typescript, and the verbal defense for your paper.Step One: acknowledgementIf you get some support from somebody or some organization in your carrying out your project or if you accept some help from somebody in your research and writhing your paper, you should express your thanks to the organizat6ion or the person.The thanks are usually given to:(1)the sponsor who gives a certain amount of financial assistance to your project(2)the instructor who gives you in your project or research and writing the paper(3)the teacher(s) and your classmates who once gave you suggestions or advice on yourproject or research(4)the person(s) who aided you to collect data or proof-read your drafts(5)family members or friends who gave you either physical or/and mental support(6)those who kindly allowed you to use their computers or other research apparatuses andmaterials.e.g.I would like to thank XXX and XXX for their guidance and help.I gratefully acknowledge the financial support of/from the XXX Foundation.I am most grateful to XXX, without whose sound advice and patient revision, this thesis would never have taken the present shape.My special thanks should go to XXX, whose enlightening lectures about XXX initiated me into the study of XXX.Moreover, I would like to thank all my teachers in the Department of Foreign Languages of XXX, for I have benefited a lot from their excellent scholarships and exemplary characters in the past four years.Finally, thanks should also go to some of my classmates for their XXXX, and all the students in XXX who have served as subjects in my research for their collaboration, patience, and earnestness in the participation of this experiment.Step Two: notationThere are five styles to document your notes: MLA parenthetical style, MLA endnote style, MLA footnote style, MLA numbered bibliography style, and APA style.1.parenthetical notes: also called interlinear note, follow a smple format. Place the notesimmediately after the quoted material or at the end of the paraphrased material, and enclose the notes in parentheses. If the material you cite comes from only one work by an author, you will enclose in a parenthetical note only the author‟s or editor‟s name(s) and the page of the reference, with or without colon between:…the novel “has the quality of a social document”. (Chen Jia: 437)Some instructors perhaps require that you enclose the date or year in which the work was published besides the above information. Then, you should follow this example, especially when you cite more than two works written by the same author or when the same work has several editions.Instead, “she is surrounded by …a cloud of moral hobgoblins‟ which she no longer fears, and shuns the daylight of social convention” (Hardy, 1996: 32).If a note refers to material for which no author is credited, you can use its title, or a shorteded version of the title, in quotation amrks for articles and pamphlets or in italics for books, and the page number(s):Adam and Eve once lived in Eden, a beautiful place in heavens. They both are the fruit of the tree of knowledge, which turned against God[…s will. Eventually they both were forced to leave Eden as a punishment for their “degeneration”. Since then, Eden became declined and weary because nobody took care of it (The Holy Bible: 3).When the author‟s name has been mentioned in the text, you only need to give the page number(s) in the parentheses:Chang Yaoxin (198) points out:”Readers tent to find wit and wisdom, peace and harmony, serenity and joy from his poetry”.If the primary source is not available, you can make use of the secondary source. In that case, you should mark it by placing ctd. in (cited in) before the secondary source:In 1965, Golding said, “Though there are many disadvantages in expressing the truth through allegory, I still employ this pattern”. (ctd. in Wang Guorong: 1303)2.footnoteswhen they are placed at the bottom of the page. They are separated from the text by a double-space and a solid short line from the left-hand margin. Usually numbered in sequence on each page, corresponding to the Arabic nuerals which are superscript in the text.3. endnotesThey are placed after the text of the paper. They occupy a separate page or a few pages numbered in sequence following the preceding page of the text. First center the title Notes once inch from the top, then double space and indent one half inch or five bytes from the left margin to add the note numbers consecutively. You must indicate the note numbers in the text by raised Arabic numerals.Step Three: appendix(es)It is the additional information added at the end of a book or a research paper. It contains any material that you think important but cannot be put in the text of your paper. Typical appendixes probably include: the form of questionnaire; the form of evaluation; the test paper; variety of tables; the interview schedule;‟ a detailed report on some investigation; the results of data-analysis, etc.Step Four: bibliographyIt means a systematic and comprehensive listing of works. The final bibliography is part of last section of your paper which follows the text. If there are appendices as well, the bibliography may precede or follow them. You can as well use References or Works Cited to indicate this listing instead of a bibliography. You should change your working bibliography into your final bibliography or your references or works cited. 1. guidelines for a bibliography(1) put the list of sources on a separate page after the text of your paper.(2) type the heading bibliography or References, or Works Cited either in the middle of the page from the margins, or form the left margin.(3) all the bibliographical entries are single-spaced with single or double spaces between them. The author‟s surname begins at the left margin, but if the entry contains more than one line, successive lines are indented four or five bytes / spaces. If no author is listed, the work is listed by the first word of the title except for any article (a, an, the), and the article is listed following the title. E.g. Causes of the Second World War, The.(4) the bibliographical entires are arranged either in alphabetical order or in numerical order. If the authors include both the Chinese and foreign, first arrange the foreign alphabetically and then the Chinese, or vice versa, or arrange them alphabetically with a mixture by translating Chinese names into English.Step Five: contents of a bibliographical entryA bibliographical entry consists of the following facts which are arranged in order.(1) the author‟s surname, followed by a comma; the initials of the first and middle name, followed by aperiod. E.g. Brown, H. D.(2) the title of the work, followed by a period. Titles of full-length works are in italics or underlined. E.g. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching(3) each kind of works is given an identification code enclosed in brackets following the work: [M] for monograph, [C] for paper, [N] for newspaper, [J] for article in journal, [D] for dissertation, [S] for standard, [P] for patent, [A] for articles from a collection of papers, [Z] for others. E.g. Semantics [M](4) the edition number, followed by a period, e.g., Third ed. Or enclosed in parentheses, e.g., (Third Ed.)(5) the name of the translator, compiler, or editor followed by a period, e.g., Kingsland, L. W., Trans.(6) the place of publication, followed by a colon. E.g. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. If the city is not well known, the state or province also appears, e.g. Garden city, New York. When more than one place of publication is given in the book, generally the first one is used.(7) the name of the publisher, followed by a comma, e.g., Prentice hall, 1994. if the year of publication comes after the author‟s name, the name of the publisher is follwed by a period,e.g., Prentice Hall.(8) the year of publication, followed by a period either it comes after the author‟s name or is placed at the end of the entry.(9) the number of pages in the work or the page numbers that contain relevant information, followed by a period. E.g. ELT Journal, 46/1: 39-50.3. examples of bibliographical entries(1) Book – one authorCook, V. 2000. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.(2) Book- one author; numbered or revised editionFeng, Zhiwei. 1999. School of Modern Linguistics, (Revised ed.) [M]. Xi‟an: Shaanxi People‟s publishing House.(3) book – one author; more than one volumeFought, J. 1999a. Leonard Bloomfield: Critical Assessments of Leading Linguists[A]. (3 V ols). London: Routledge.If you use more than one sources from the same author and the works are published in the same year, you are supposed to write the year of the publication followed by a, b, c, etc. (4) book – one author; only one volume usedLangacker, R. 1987. Foundations of Cognitive Grammar[M]. V ol. 1. Standord: Stanford University Press.(5) book – two authorsHopper, P. J. & E. C. Traughott. 2003. Grammaticalization (Second Edition) [M]. Cambridge: CUP.Note: when more than one author is listed, only the name of the first author is inverted; all other names are given in the first name-last name order.(7)book – more than three authorsQuirk, R. , et al. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language [M]. London: Longman Group Ltd.(8)book – no author givenConcise Oxford English Dictionary, The [Z]. Oxford University Press, 1976.Note: the article is listed following thetitle for ease of alphabetization.(9)book – editor of a collection(10)L appin, S. (ed.). The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory [C]. Oxford:Blackwell Publishers, 1997.Greenbaum, S. , et al. (eds.). 1980. Studies in English Linguistics for Randloph Quirk [C].London: Longman.(11)b ook – author and editorShakespeare, William. Hamlet. [Z] Ed. Borbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine [C]. New York: Washington Square-Pocket, 1992.(12)b ook – translated into English(13)A ndersen, H. C. Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales: A Selection [M]. Trans. L. W. Kingsland.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1995.(14)Book – no author or editor; translatedAnglo-Saxon Chronicle, The. Trans. G. N. Garmonsway. London: J. M. Dent and sons, Ltd. , 1953.(15)Book – onlineEmerson, R. W. 1841. Essays: First Series [C]. Feb. 12, 1997. <ftp://ftp. Books. Com/ ebooks/Nonfiction/philosophy/Emerson/history. txt>.(16)a rticle or essay – in a collectionGreen, G. 1982. “Colloquial and Literary Uses of Inversions”[A]. In D. Tannen (ed.).Spoken and Written Language: Exporing Orality and Literacy[C]. Norwood, N. Y. : Ablex. Pp. 119 – 153.Note: quotation marks around the title of the article can also be omitted.(17)a rticle or essay in journals – author givenBirner, B. 1994. Information Status and Word Order: Analysis of English Inversion [J]. Lanugage 70/2: 233-529.(18) article or essay in newspapers – no author given“South Viet Nam: Campaign of Brutality” [N]. Time, 100: 17-18. August 21, 1972. (19) articles – encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc.“Logic” [A]. The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 1993. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Vlo. 7, 447-448.(20) newspaper – title and author givenLohr, Steve. “New Paying: Babes in Cyberspace.”New York Times 3 Apr. 1998.(21) article – onlinePajares, F. 2002. Overview of social cognitive theory and of self-efficiency. /EDUCATION/mfp/eff.html.(22) publication – on CD-ROMBraunmuller, A. R. , ed. Macbeth[Z]. By William Shakespeare. CD-ROM. New York: V oyager, 1994.(23) unpublished materialsSmith, Sonia. “Shakespeare‟s Dark Lady Revisited” [Z]. Unpublished Essat, 1993.(24) Lecture or speechAtwood, Margaret. “Silencing the Scream” [Z]. Boundaries of the Imagination Forum. MLAConvention. Royal York Hotel, Toronto. 29 Dec, 1993.Step Six: the final typescriptYou must try your best to make your paper look arttractive, neat, and easy to read for your instructor as well as your classmates.1. the format of the front matterCoverApproval sheetThe prospectusThe title pageThe outline pageThe abstract page3.the format of the text4.the format of the back matterStep Seven: the oral defense for your paperTo defend the thesis in your paper. It is a follow-up form to examine your paper. It serves the purpose of discovering if the paper is written by yourself or plagiarized, of knowing whether you have a deep and wide knowledge of the subject that you have chosen, and of checking to see if your paper meets the requirements of the format and style that a research paper needs to have.During the oral defense, you will first have ifve to ten minutes to present the main ideas of your paper. Then the judges or instructors will ask you a few questions about your paper. The score you will ge depends on whether you think logically, whether you express yourself clearly and fluently, whether you organize your ideas in coherence, and whether your pronunciation and intonation are correct, etc.Therefore you should make careful preparations for your oral defense.1.get familiar with all the materials, including the text of your paper, the sources you haveused, and the current situation concerned with the subject.2.imagine what questions the judges will ask you, have repeated rehearsal in front of yourclassmates, and ask some advice from them.3.prepare some note cards on which you can write some important points in your paper, orsome facts, data, statistics, which are easy to forget. You can refer to therm when you answer the questions.Step Eight: requirements of your universityThere are slight differences for each university to require the format of graduation paper. We must know all the requirements for our graduation paper.。