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Formal adjudication
Resemble a civil trial Conduct before an administrative law judge or agency A strict separation of functions within an agency The results of formal adjudication are generally reviewed by courts Hearing ——听证会 听证会
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Informal rulemaking
The agency explain its basis and purpose Decision is taken bureaucratically Judicial review Full force of statutory law
The central tasks of administrative law Assuring the control as well as the effectiveness of government
行政法的主要任务是确保对政府的控 并保证政府的工作效率。 制，并保证政府的工作效率。
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Three concerns: The procedures employed by “agencies” in effecting “agency action” Judicial review of those actions Special procedures relating to the handling and release of information in the government’s possession
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Interpretation
Generating and announcing agency interpretations of applicable norms Generated internally or in response to a request No procedure is required Do not formally bind persons outside the agency Be regarded as persuasive by the courts
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Sketchy models
Formal adjudication 正式裁决 Informal adjudication 非正式裁决 Formal rulemaking 正式规章制定 Informal rulemaking 非正式规章制定 Interpretation 解释 Inspection 监督
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Formal rulemaking
To determine a statute-like norm for future application 确定准法律规范的 程序 No strict separation (differs from formal adjudication) Hearing Judicial review
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Administrative law
Grab-bag for all government actions affecting private persons …… ___those of the criminal law or the ordinary civil law as administered by courts ……Can be connected with public administration
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Agency action
Administrative procedure legislation —— relatively formal procedures of adjudication, rulemaking – 正式判决、规章制定 正式判决、 Federal agency action —— grant, denial, or failure to act upon……
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Model State Administrative Procedure Act
行政行为包括自由地履行或不履行职 责、职能和行为
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例外
传统的刑事诉讼、传统的民事诉讼、 传统的刑事诉讼、传统的民事诉讼、 严格意义上的政治行为 Criminal law proceedings Civil litigation Political acts
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Paradigmatic procedures Paradigmatic relationship with overseers 标准程序、 标准程序、标准关系 Can and do vary to meet the needs of particular situations 标准程序以及与监督机构之间的标准 关系并非一成不变 并非一成不变。 关系并非一成不变。
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Bபைடு நூலகம்ckground
Administrative law is broken into several interrelated parts. They are: administrative rules, regulations and procedures for government agencies and bodies; the scope of agency authority, in particular individual privacy; and enforcement powers of agencies.
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Informal rulemaking
The ordinary procedure for generating statute -like norms . ……initiated by a notice of the proposed action Written comments Oral hearings
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Inspection
Direct physical view by a qualified government official A substitute for adjudication procedures Determine the existence or not of conditions warranting formal administrative action
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Neither a court nor a legislature nor an elected chief executive can be an “agency”. 法院、 法院、立法机构和行政长官都不构成 行政机关” “行政机关”。 “Agency” includes every administrative unit exercising public authority 行使公共权力的行政单位构成行政机关。 行使公共权力的行政单位构成行政机关。
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Informal adjudication
The taking decisions by bureaucratic routine 通过政治程序作出非正式裁决 通过政治程序作出非正式裁决 政治程序 judicial review is relatively permissive
Lesson Six Administrative Law
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Laws are generally found to be nets of such a texture, as the little creep through, the great break through, and the middle-sized are alone entangled in . – William Shensto, British poet 人们通常会发现，法律就是这样的一种 人们通常会发现， 触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过， 网，触犯法律的人，小的可以穿网而过， 大的可以破网而出， 大的可以破网而出，只有中等的才会坠 入网中。 入网中。 – 英国诗人 申斯通 W
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