初中英语语法宾语从句讲解,专项练习及答案注意!宾语从句小口诀:宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述句转化that引,一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
一、基本讲解1概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
eg, Hesaid he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)He asks himhowlongMike has beendown . (动词宾语)Miss Zhang is angryatwhatyousaid. (介词宾语)2.连接词(1).陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,口语中常常省略。
e.g,She told me (that)she would liketo go with us。
(2)以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg, Iwonderif/whether u have toldthenew toLi Lei .注意:一般情况下,whether和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。
a。
当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用ifeg,We are talking about whetherwe’ll go on the pinic.b. 引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时, 只用whether.eg,Please let me know what to do next。
Could youtell mewhether u go or not?c。
if当如果讲时, 引导的是条件状语从句, 这时不能用whether.(3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E。
g.Could youtell me what's the matter\wrong with you?特殊情况::当doyou think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词+do you think+陈述句语序.3。
宾语从句时态a。
当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选用相应的时态.例如:Doyou know(if/whether he hasseenthefilm)?b.当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。
例如:Ididn’t know (if/whetherhehad seen the film.)注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时.例如:He said (that theearth moves round the sun.)The teacher told us(that lighttravels much fasterthansound.)4。
、人称的变化和标点的使用a。
从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。
如:“May I useyourknife?"He asked me.→Heaskedmeif he might usemy knife.“Do you know her telephone number?"He asked me.→He asked me if I know her telephonenumber。
b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。
主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。
如:Who will give us a talk?I don’t know.→I don'tknowwho will give us a talk。
Do you know?Where does he live? →Do youknow where helive s?二、宾语从句的转化1.2。
当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等,且主句主语与从句主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。
如:Sheagreed thatshe could help me with my maths。
→She agreedto help me withmy maths.2。
当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时,主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词+不定式结构"。
例如:I don’tknow which sweaterIshould buy.→I don't know whichsweater tobuy。
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask,tell, show,teach等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可以转化成“疑问词+不定式结构",或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构。
如:→Could you tellme howtoget tot he park?4. 当主句谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构,宾补为不带to的不定式或V—ing形式.如:She foundthat thewallet lay/waslyingon the ground.→She found the walletlie/lyingon theground。
宾语从句专项习题巩固练习1。
Have you decided ________forAustralia?A。
when will youleave B。
when doyou leaveC。
you will leave when D.when youwill leave2.Can you tell me_________ ?A.where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C。
Tomlives where D。
where Tom lives3.The oldmanasked me________ 。
A。
wherewas thecinema B。
where isthe cinemaC。
where thecinema was D。
wherewas the way to thecinema4.I think_______you will like him。
A. that B。
if C。
whyD。
how5.Ididn’t know _______ he willcomeornot. A. thatB. whether C。
weatherD。
how6.I wonder_________。
A。
how much cost these shoes B。
howmuch do these shoescost C。
how much these shoes costD。
how much are these shoes cost7.She asked me _________。
A。
who hewas B。
who was he C. who is he D.who he is8.Ask him ___.A。
whosecup this isB. whose cupis thisC.this iswhosecupD。
whoseis this cup9.I don’t know _________.A.what time the movie startsB。
what time starts the movie C。
the time to start themovie D. the movie whattimestarts10。
Thedoctor asked me how long ________ .A。
was I ill B。
have I been ill C.I have been illD。
Ihad been ill11。
Theweather forecast doesn’tsay _________。
A. ifit rains tomorrow B.ifdoes it raintomorrowC。
if it willrain tomorrow D. if will itrain tomorrow12.Doyou know _________?A.whose pen is this B。
whose penthis isC. whom does the penbelong toD.whomthe penbelong to13。
Could youtell mewhere _________?A.the tapewas B。
wasthe tapeC。
the tapeis D.isthe tape14。
They want toknow_________?A.whereis the hospitalB. howold areyouC。
when thetrain will leaveD。
why is the boy crying15.Tony wanted to know_________。
A。
what hadFather Christmas put in his stockingB. when FatherChristmas had putinhis stockingC。
what Father Christmas hadput in his stockingD.whereFather Christmas had put in his stocking16。
No one knows ___the professorwillcome to ourschooltomorrowtogive us a talk or not.A.when B。
whether C。
where D。
if17。
July didn’t know_________.A。
where isTim’s fatherB。
when was the first watc hmadeC.whotheold man isD.what waswrongwi th her watch18.No one toldus_________,so we needyour help.A。
howshouldwe do B。
what we should do C。
what todoD。
what should we do19.Wedon’tknow _________ with the rubbish and it pollutesout land and sea。