2020城区高三英语一模C篇阅读汇总2020西城一模CStore owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前额皮层) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchaseslater. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.38.From Paragraph 2, we learn that .A.the prefrontal cortex is the calculation centerB.the common consumers always act unreasonablyC.the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fearD.the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing39.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?A. Creating a festival atmosphere.B. Following the current fashion.C. Preparing more free samples.D. Offering a bigger discount.40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?A. They are more reliable.B. They are a sign of social status.C. They make people feel valued.D. They are favored by most people.41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we .A. buy in the momentB. reduce our budgetC. return unnecessary productsD. make a plan in advance答案：38．C39．A40．C 41．D2020海淀一模CThere is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, "My mum says I'm much more impatient with her when I'm filming Sherlock.Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term "post-dramatic stress disorder,, to describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. “Actors may often prolong habits of the characters they have embodied," he writes.A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers’ sense of self led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of variouspersonal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed—their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term "confident" was only moderately related to themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself."By simply thinking about another person, we may adapt our self to take the shape of that person said Meyer and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves---or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light—might be a little easier than we thought. By role-playing or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.“As each of us chooses who to befriend, who to model, and who to ignore’’ write Meyer and her colleagues, “we must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are."38.The first two paragraphs mainly .A.state that acting requires skillsB.explain the stress that an actor facesC.show that a role leaves a mark on the actorD.stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role39.What does the underlined phrase "rub off on” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Influence.B. Strengthen.C. Confuse.D. Determine.40.According to the study, taking the perspective of another person .A.brings changes to one's self-knowledgeB.motivates one to better understand himselfC.helps people deal with their identity problemsD.produces temporary effects on one's character41.What is the significance of the study?A.It offers instructions on making friends.B.It proposes a means to improve ourselves.C.It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions.D.It presents a way to deal with stress disorder.答案：38. C 39. A 40. A 41. B2020朝阳一模CA butterfly’s wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insecthigh up in the air. They may be used to attract mates, or to warn potentialattackers to stay away. All of these roles, though, depend on theirunchanging colouration. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings aredead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, insome species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.Nanfang Y u, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the matter. Together with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published in Nature Communications in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser(激光) to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40°C or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its profile to the laser, moving its wings up and down or simply walking away.Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves. Dr Y u and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons(神经元) that were similar to heat detectors known from other insects. They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared to be similar to pressure-sensitive neurons. They guess that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.The third discovery they made to contradict the “dead wing” idea was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly’s wings have veins(静脉). These carry a bloodlike liquid which, researchers have now found in males, shows a pulse(脉搏) of several dozen beats per minute. The source of this pulse appears to be the scent(气味) pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this “wing heart” acts as a pump that helps bloodlike liquid through the scent pad.In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Y u and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away and helps keep the living parts of a butterfly’s wings alive.38. A bird’s feathers are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to.A. introduce the latest research findings on a birdB. highlight the special feature of a bird’s feathersC. show common knowledge about butterfly wingsD. stress the difference between a butterfly and a bird39. What can we learn from Dr Y u and Dr Pierce’s experiments?A. Butterfly wings are complicated living organs.B. Butterfly wings have little reaction to external heat.C. The scent pads on some male butterfly wings are their hearts.D. Heat-minimising activities help detect deformation of the wings.40. What is the function of scales over the scent pads?A. Attracting mates.B. Increasing blood flow.C. Covering powerful tubes.D. Producing the cooling effect.41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Seeing Is BelievingB. More Than Meets The EyeC. Nothing Seek, Nothing FindD. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds答案：38．C39．A40．D 41．B2020丰台一模CIn industry and medicine, robots routinely build, break down and inspect things; they also assist in surgery and pharmacies. Neither they nor “social” robots—which are designed to engage with people and to establish an emotional connection—behave like The Jetsons’ maid, Rosie, or other beloved robots of fiction. Even so, expect social robots to become more complicated and popular in the next few years.Like most robots, social robots use artificial intelligence (AI) to decide how to act oninformation received through cameras and other sensors. The ability to respond in ways that seem lifelike has been informed by research into such issues as how perceptions (认知) form, what constitutes social and emotional intelligence, and how people understand others’ thoughts and feelings. Advances in AI have enabled designers to translate such psychological and neuroscientific (神经学的) insights into algorithms (演算) that allow robots to recognize voices, faces and emotions; interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people’s needs by learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.In consequence, social robots are filling an ever expanding variety of roles. A 47-inch humanoid called Pepper (from SoftBank Robotics), for instance, recognizes faces and basic human emotions and engages in conversations via a touch screen in its “chest.” About 15,000 Peppers worldwide perform such services as hotel check-ins, airport customer service, shopping assistance and fast-food checkout. Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population. Japan’s PARO Therapeutic (治疗的) Robot, which looks like a lovely seal (海豹), is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other patients. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, reminding them to take walks and medication. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. Early attempts to incorporate social behavior in toys, such as Hasbro’s Baby Alive and Sony’s AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both are resurging, and the most recent version of AIBO has complicated voice and gesture recognition, can be taught tricks and develops new behaviors based on previous interactions.Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2018, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025. This trend may seem surprising given that multiple well-funded consumer robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to take the place of defunct robots, including BUDDY (Blue Frog Robotics), a big-eyed mobile device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home automation and security.38. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.A. what the features of social robots areB. what promotes social robots’ engagement with peopleC. how algorithms are improved to adapt to people’s needsD. how psychological and neuroscientific insights are translated39. According to Paragraph 3, social robots ________.A. have a wide range of applicationsB. have the ability to deal with emergenciesC. have a tendency to take the place of humansD. have successfully gained psychological insight40. What can we learn from the passage?A. Social robots are designed as personal assistants.B. Robots in industry and medicine need improvement.C. Consumer robots have been successful all these years.D. Social robots are popular due to great interactive abilities.41. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To predict the prospect of social robots.B. To introduce the advances of social robots.C. To report the application of AI in social robots.D. To show the influence of social robots on our life.答案：38. B39. A40. D 41. B2020延庆一模CNo longer in the pinkCorals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, thanks to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, a rise in global temperatures of 1.5o C could cause coral reefs to decline 70-90%. The planet is about 1o C hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic. This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their color. When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbors, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting, as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing.Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.Setting up marine protected areas could also help reefs. Locals who fear for their livelihoods could be given work as rangers with the job of looking after the reserves. Visitors to marine parks can be required to pay a special tax, like what has been done in the Caribbean.Many reefs that have been damaged could benefit from restoration. Coral’s biodiversity offers hope, because the same coral will grow differently under different conditions. Corals of the western Pacific, for example, can withstand higher temperatures than the same species in the eastern Pacific, which proves a way forward to encourage corals to grow in new spots.38. According to the passage, what may happen to corals when waters become warm?A. Turning whiteB. Getting pinkC. Being activeD. Becoming colorful39. According to the passage,corals can _______ the changing in the nature.A. live withB. escape fromC. die inD. recovery from40. According to Paragraph 4, the governments should__________.A. carry out stricter rules on industries around the coastB. call on volunteers to look after the marine reservesC. reduce the number of visitors to the marine parksD. ban people from fishing in the coral reef areas41. What’s the main purpose of the passage?A. To present the importance of coral reef to the world.B. To introduce the severe effect on coral reef brought by climate change.C. To propose governments to take action immediately to save coral reef.D. To attract more attention to coral reef protection.答案：38. A 39. A 40. A 41. D2020门头沟一模CNew study shows rapid decline in insect populations. A growing number of the Earth's insect population now can be seen only in collections on exhibitions. Nobody's seen those for 400 years. A new review of over 70 studies of insect populations suggests that human pressures are causing insect populations to plummet by as much as a quarter every decade. The loss of species is inevitably concerning because often we don’t know what those species are doing or we don’t know what other species are depending on them.Insects make up the largest class of animals on earth and represent more than half of all known living creatures. They are incredibly diverse, and in many ways make life on Earthpossible. But when we decrease the number of species, we're destroying ecosystem function. Why does that matter? It is because that it's ecosystems that support humans. But those life-support systems that keep us alive, even if we live in a city, are produced by healthy ecosystems. And none of these ecosystems will run well without insects. Bees and butterflies pollinate(授粉) our food, flowers and trees. They feed all kinds of larger animals, including humans. A large number of crops we eat and rely on are pollinated by insects, so we can’t imagine a world where that pollination process is not taking place.And there are some cases already around the world where we are having to pollinate by hand, at huge cost, a huge economic cost, simply because the insects aren’t there to do the work that we would normally ask them to do for free. And in some cases, if you’re talking about food crops, just try to imagine the scale of what the world would look like if insects weren't doing that for us. One big warning, all of the studies come from industrialized countries in Europe and North America. In some areas, the decline is even more rapid. According to one recent study, the number of ground insects in Puerto Rico has fallen by 98% over the last 35 years. A growing body of research shows that insects are declining about twice as fast as vertebrates.The researchers predict that all insect species could be gone in a century in these industrialized countries.38. What does the underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Reduce.B. Increase.C. Disappear.D. Raise.39. We can learn from Paragraph 2 and 3 that ______________.A. we can make a big profit by pollinating by handB. insects have no impact on industrial developmentC. pollinating by hand can replace pollinating by insectsD. insects account for the largest composition in the entire animal kingdom40. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon mentioned in the news?A. Unclear.B. Concerned.C. Suspicious.D. Critical.41. The author helps readers better understand his idea mainly by __________.A. using research resultsB. making comparisonsC. giving some examplesD. telling personal stories答案：39．A 39．D 40．B 41．C2020密云一模CA team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks."It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sun of a bunch of individual components (元件) , "said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago. his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, " he said.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. "The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well. but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to, " said Wood. The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, " he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. "You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, " he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis."38. The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that.A. they had no ready-made componentsB. they did not have sufficient timeC. they had no model in their mindD. they could no assemble the components39. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly.A. consists of a flight device and a control systemB. can collect information from many sourcesC. can just fly in limited areas at the present timeD. has been put into wide application40. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about insects.B. Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.C. There used to be few ways to study how insects fly.D. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.41. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Father of Robotic FlyB. Inspiration from Engineering ScienceC. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect StudyD. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect答案：38-41ACB D平谷一模CWhy is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games?In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no ambition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often takes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring.That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who “give strong medicine” because they believe such doctors are the “good” ones. But in fact, “ strong medicine” always leads to resistance to drugs and overtreatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage, and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, so poverty gets “inherited”.When it comes to finance, Banerjee’ s research has found that the poor often need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks — they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks.How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, it’ s impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class.Banerjee’ s research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it.38. How do the poor deal with the issue of health?A. They spend less money in preventing disease.B. They focus more on the diseases than early prevention.C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine.D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government.39. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that_________.A. poverty is produced by the poorB. poverty is passed down by their parentsC. poverty has some bad effects on the poorD. poverty causes people to bear more economic stress40. Banerjee considers it difficult to overcome poverty because .A. the poor have bad character or have no ambitionB. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than workC. the government hasn’ t taken proper and effective measureD. the poor were troubled by their lives, health and finance41. What can we learn from the passage?A. The poor have attached importance to education.B. The government can’ t provide the jobs for the poor.C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival.D. Banerjee’ s research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty.【答案】38. B；39. B；40. D；41. D；2020石景山一模CIn 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”38. The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means .。