文学赏析复习浪漫义时期Romantic period (18th –19th century) Jane Austen现实主义Realistic period (19th-20th century) Thomas Hardy；MarkTwain；Charlotte Bronte；Charles Dickens现代主义时期Modern period(20 century) William Faulkner; Ernest Hemingway一、现代主义时期ModernismModernism was a complex and diverse international movement in all creative arts, originating about 19th century. it was characterized by a rejection of (笔记不全，后面没记) In a broad sense, it is applied to writing marked by a strong and conscious break with traditional forms and techniques of expression.现代主义无论在思想上还是内容上都力图摆脱传统文化的束缚，众多不在外部世界，更加关注人物的内心，以此折射出丰富多彩的外部世界1.《The old man and the sea》，Ernest Hemingway 海明威（美）Q：Through the old man，what can we learn about Hemingway′s world view？A：He described the unique image which called tough-guy(硬汉) who graceunder pressure,. His belief of which man is not made for defeat，a man canbe destroyed but not defeated. So，we should take in his spirit of resolutewhen we face up to difficulties especially. Q：Comment on Hemingway′swriting style. Do you like his style？A：He develops a unique style ofpithiness(简洁), freshness(新颖) clearness (明晰)which called thetelegraphic and colloquial language(口语) and the application of the "icemountain" rule. I appreciate it very much. In his writing，he used shortsentences and paragraphs and avoid adjectives on purpose。

2.《A rose for Emily》William Faulkner 威廉．福克纳（美），与海明威同一时期作家writing style:晦涩难懂He liked to use difficult words. His sentences are usually long ,his sentence structure complicated Q：Who is the narrator (讲述者)of the story？A：The unnamed narrator is neither a she nor a he. The narrator speaks in the plural(两个以上的) rather than thesingular using the word "we" rather than "I". In that sense the narrator, ornarrators, is speaking on behalf of the entire town. Q：After reading the story，what is your feeling about Miss Emily？Is it honor，pity，anger or admiration？A：When I finished reading the story，a sincere pity emergesin my mind. Emily is totally a tragedy of the old traditions. She is a prisonerof the past，the social and moral taboos of the of South. Not only because she is purely a woman ，but also the stubborn conventions manacle(束缚) her that result in her frustrated life. Even so，she cold have a better life after her father′s death. H owever，she does not get out of the tower her father build for her. On the contrary，she builds another one，and locks her soul.二、现实主义时期Realism Realism refers to a literary movement inEurope and theUS in the last half of 19th century The realists wanted a truthful representation of life and manners , they put emphasis on actual experience .To them, a novel is a mirror The difference betweenRomanticism and Realism: Romanticism ：What people should be like Realism：People as they really are1.《Tess of the D’U rbervilles》托马斯·哈代（英）Thomas Hardy，现实主义。

Thomas Hardy，his fictional works were set in the semi-fictional country and explored character struggling against their passions and so-socircumstance 托马斯信奉宿命论Q：In your opinion，what or who causedTess′ life tragedy？A：From my standpoint，Tess’s tragic life is caused by that society and it’s the result of that time. Except this, it can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature( 双重性格) of the society character---resistance andcompromise(抗争与妥协). As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic.2.《Is He Living or Is He Dead》，马克吐温（美）Mark Twain Pen name : Mark Twain Real name: Samuel Langhorne Clemens Writing style: Using colloquial speech and helped to create and popularize American literature built on American themes and languageAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simple, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken language.马克.吐温独特的另一个方面是他乡土气息的语言风格。

他的用词口语化，具体可感，直率有力。

句子结构简单，不合语法。

Ma rk Twain’s humor is remarkable.马克. 吐温的幽默是突出的“the greatest American humorist of his age ” “the father of American literature” Q：In the story，Carl claimed to have discovered a law，that the merit of every great unknown and neglected artist must and will be recognized and his pictures climb to high prices after his death. What do you think of this law？What it right or wrong？Why？A：In My opinion，the law is right .we must note this fact in human history that the merit of many a great artist has never been acknowledged until he was starved and dead and he and his work became famous after his death批判现实主义1.《Jane Eyre》夏洛蒂·勃朗特（英），Charlotte Bronte 批判现实主义Q：What aspects in Jane Eyre’s character are attractive toyou？A：Jane Eyre had a soldier’s spirit, she strive for just treatment and for equality. She was sobrave that she faced up to all difficulties fearlessly. Jane Eyre was gifted inmany aspects，such as play the piano. Jane Eyre was optimistic towards life.She possessed outstanding aesthetic judgment(审美观)t towards beauty.2.《A tale of Two Cites》Charles Dickens 查尔斯狄根斯（英）；双城指Paris and London. Recite：It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.这是最美好的时代，这是最糟糕的时代；这是智慧的年头，这是愚昧的年头；这是信仰的时期，这是怀疑的时期；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春天，这是失望的冬天；我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔相反的方向。