Although some women experience symptoms for many more years.
SYMPTOMS!
SYMPTOMS!
NORMAL TRABECULAR BONE OSTEROPEROTIC BONE
TREATMENT
Only 1 in 10 women seek medical advice when they go through the menopause and many do not need any treatment.
HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
RISKS OF VTE
HRT (combined or oestrogen-alone) increases the risk of a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, especially in the first year of treatment. The risk is more pronounced in women with pre-existing risk factors. A recent meta-analysis suggests that transdermal oestrogens may be a safer option than oral oestrogens for HRT.
WHAT?
It be defined with certainty after twelve months' spontaneous amenorrhoea.
End of reproductive life.
RELATED TERMINOLOGY
Pre-menopause
1 YEAR
Post-menopause
HOW?
Oestrogen reduction eventually results in menstrual cycle disruption and other menopausal symptoms.
HOW?
Oestrogen reduction eventually results in
SYMPTOMS!
Changes in your period—time between periods or flow may be different.
Hot flashes (“hot flushes”)—getting warm in the face, neck and chest.
If menopausal symptoms are severe enough to interfere with daily life, there are treatments that can help.
TREATMENT
The kind of treatment you can take depends on the severity of the symptoms, medical history and patient’s own preferences.
Late menopause: >55 years old
WHEN?
Other factors that can affect the age at which women have their final period include age at menarche, parity, previous oral contraceptive history ethnicity and family history.
MENOPAUSE Peri-menopause “ Climacteric”
Age (years)
WHEN?
Menopausal age: 45-55 years (mean : 50.7 years)
If the menopause occurs in a woman who is under 45 years of age, it is known as premature menopause.
menstrual cycle disruption and other
menopausal symptoms.
* FSH * LH * Estradiol
high (30 – 170 mU/ml) high (20 – 80 mU/ml) low (< 110 pmol/L)
SYMPTOMS!
Vasomotor Symptoms Sleep Disorders Menstrual Disorders Mood Changes
WHY?
The menopause results from a fall in the level of the female hormone oestrogen in the blood.
WHY?
At a hormonal level - as ovarian follicular activity begins to fail, oestrogen and progesterone levels fall and the reduced negative feedback to the pituitary causes a rise in luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
RISKS OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Endometrial cancer: increased risk only with unopposed oestrogen. There is no increased risk with combined (oestrogen and progestogen) HRT.
TREATMENT
HRT NON- HRT源自HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
As the name suggests, HRT works by replacing oestrogen.
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be an effective treatment for the typical menopause-related symptoms.
Thinning of your bones, which may lead to loss of height and bone breaks (osteoporosis).
SYMPTOMS!
It is estimated that 8 out of 10 women in the UK experience symptoms leading up to the menopause.
WHY?
RELATIVE ACTIVITY OF ESTROGEN
WHY?
The menopause is the end of egg production (ovulation). This occurs as a result of falling levels of the female sex hormone oestrogen, which regulates a woman's periods.
HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
BENEFITS
Relieve menopausal symptoms
Maintenance of quality of life
Prevention of osteoporosis
Note: HRT should not be used as a first-line treatment in osteoparosis except in women who have premature menopause
HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
BENEFITS
RISKS
HOMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY (HRT)
For the treatment of menopausal symptoms where the risk-benefit ratio* is favorable, in fully informed women, in the lowest possible dose to control symptoms and for the shortest duration possible.
Women considering HRT should be counselled that the absolute risk for breast cancer for any individual remains relatively low* Her actual risk increases 0.08% (ACOG)
MENOPAUSE
WHAT ?
Menopause is a deviation of the ancient
Greek words menos ( month) and pauses
(ending). The menopause is sometimes known as
the 'change of life' and is marked by the ending of menstruation.
Of these, 45% find their symptoms difficult to deal with.
SYMPTOMS!
Without treatment, most menopausal symptoms gradually stop naturally. This usually happens two to five years after the symptoms start.