ology 核科技的问题
Nuclear Technology -Related facts as supporting proofs
1.Applications (1)Civilian uses-nuclear power (fission) to generate electricity and/or to do mechanical work.; be used to propel aircraft carriers, icebreakers and submarines (2)Medical application diagnostics and radiation treatment ◆Imaging - medical and dental x-ray imagers ◆ Radiation therapy-an effective treatment for cancer (3) Industrial applications ◆ Oil and Gas Exploration- Nuclear well logging ◆ Road Construction - Nuclear moisture/density gauges (4) Commercial applications-alpha radiation ◆ionization smoke detector ◆Luminescent(发冷光的 发冷光的)exit signs 发冷光的
Nuclear technology
3.Nuclear weapons Even small nuclear devices can devastate a city by blast, fire and radiation. Nuclear weapons are considered weapons of mass destruction, and their use and control has been a major aspect of international policy since their debut. Throughout the Cold War, the opposing powers had huge nuclear arsenals, sufficient to kill hundreds of millions of people. Generations of people grew up under the shadow of nuclear devastation, portrayed in films such as Dr. Strangelove and The Atomic Cafe. However, the tremendous energy release in the detonation of a nuclear weapon also suggested the possibility of a new energy source.
Japan surrendered in WWII
A uranium bomb, Little Boy, was dropped on the Japanese city Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, followed three days later by the plutonium-based Fat Man on Nagasaki. In the wake of unprecedented devastation and casualties from a single weapon, the Japanese government soon surrendered, ending World War II.
Nuclear Technology
(5) Food processing and agriculture- ionizing radiation ◆Food irradiation（食物照射）- to destroy microorganisms（微生物）, bacteria, viruses, or insects that might be present in the food ◆ Further applications- sprout inhibition抑制发芽, delay of ripening, increase of juice yield, and improvement of re-hydration（水合作用） ◆non-food items- medical hardware, plastics, tubes for gas-pipelines, hoses for floor-heating, shrink-foils（铝箔或锡箔纸） for food packaging, automobile parts, wires and cables (isolation), tires, and even gemstones（宝玉石） Compared to the amount of food irradiated, the volume of those everyday applications is huge but not noticed by the consumer. All these effects are beneficial to the consumer and the food industry, likewise.
Nuclear Technology
(2) Civilian nuclear and radiological accidents -primarily involve nuclear power plants. Most common are nuclear leaks that expose workers to hazardous material. ◆Significant nuclear meltdown-Chernobyl[tʃiə'nɔ:bil, tʃə'nəubəl] in the Soviet Ukraine. ◆日本福岛(Fukushima Daiichi power plant) nuclear power plant nuclear leaks (3) Military accidents usually involve the loss or unexpected detonation爆炸, 爆裂, 爆炸 声of nuclear weapons ◆The Castle Bravo test in 1954- contaminated nearby islands and raised concerns about contaminated fish in Japan. ◆Lost nuclear bombs In the 1950s through 1970s, several nuclear bombs were lost from submarines and aircraft, some of which have never been recovered
Nuclear Technology
2.Accidents Nuclear accidents, because of the powerful forces involved, are often very dangerous. (1) fatal radiation exposure ◆ Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia (再生障碍性贫血) which resulted from her high levels of exposure. ◆Two scientists, an American and Canadian respectively, died after mishandling the same plutonium钚(放射性元素) mass. ◆Hiroshima and Nagasaki –nuclear weapon. Approximately half of the deaths from Hiroshima and Nagasaki died two to five years afterward from radiation exposure. (Unlike convention weapons, the intense light, heat, and explosive force is not the only deadly component to a nuclear weapon. )