Exercises of English Lexicology:A CoursebookI.Multiple Choices.(1’×10=10’)Choose the right answer in each of the following sentences and write on Answer Sheet.There is only one right answer in each question.1.is the study of the whole history of words.A.LexicologyB.EtymologyC.PhonologyD.Morphology2.are words like pronouns,prepositions,demonstrative,determiners,conjunctions, auxiliary verbs,and son on.A.Grammatical wordsB.Derivational wordsmon wordsD.Structural words3.Which is a bound morpheme in following choices?A.childB.potC.domD.bug4.Which is a free morpheme in following choices?A.ceiveB.mitC.emD.cat5.refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A.Conceptual meaningB.Social meaningC.Connotative meaningD.Reflected meaning6.refers to the situation in which a word has two or more different meanings.A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.InflectionD.Derivation7.The three words right,rite and write are spelt differently but pronounced the same.We call they are.A.polysemyB.homographC.homophoneD.polygraph8.English belongs to in its development.A.ItalicB.GermanicC.EuropeD.North India9.English language began from.A.43ADB.410ADC.450ADD.10th century10.in English are all suffixes that occur at the very end of a word.A.InflectionsB.DerivationspoundsD.Clippings11.A(n)does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.A.endocentric compoundB.exocentric compoundC.copulative compoundD.appositional compound12.refers to the process of combining parts of two words to form a third word which contains some of the meaning of each part.A.ConversionB.ShorteningC.Blendingpounding13.Which one is not right in following clippings?A.deli from deliciousnessB.flu from influenzaC.plan from aeroplaneD.cause from because14.refers to the notion of inclusion whereby we can say that‘an X is a kind of Y’.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy15.refers to the relationship of oppositeness of meaning between words.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.SynonymD.Antonymy16.can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.A.MeronymyB.HyponymyC.MetaphorD.Analory17.express in few words a truth which relates to everyday experience.A.ProverbsB.IdiomsC.CollocationsD.Phrases18.A dialect that is associated with a particular social group can be termed a.A.jargonB.tabooC.slangD.sociolect19.is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.A.JargonB.TabooC.SlangD.Sociolect20.Which type does not belong to meaning shifts?A.broadeningB.narrowingC.ameliorationD.projectionII.Filling the Blanks.(1’×10=10’)Fill the following blanks according to the knowledge of lexicology.Write the answers on Answer Sheet. 1.In traditional grammar,eight parts of speech are distinguished in English:noun,pronoun,adjective,verb, adverb,preposition,conjunction,and interjection.2.Words can also be classified into lexical words and grammatical words.3.Morphemes can be classified into bound morphemes and free morphemes.4.Morphemes may also be classified into derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes.5.Leech(1981)distinguishes seven types of meaning in language:conceptual meaning,connotative meaning, social meaning,affective meaning,reflected meaning,collocative meaning,and thematic meaning.6.Three types of affixes are prefix,suffix and infix.7.Other types of affixes are inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.8.The four historical periods of English are Old English period,Middle English period,Early Modern English period,Modern English period.9.The differences between American English and British English are in vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation.10.According to constituent elements,compounds can be divided into four major types.They are noun compounds,verb compounds,adjective compounds and pronoun compounds.11.There are four major kinds of conversion:from noun to verb,from verb to noun,from adjective to noun and from adjective to verb.12.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),synonymy is of two types:strict synonymy and loose synonymy.13.According to Jackson and Amvela(2000),idioms have two major features:ambiguity,and syntactic peculiarities.14.Jackson and Amvela(2000)classify multiword verbs into phrasal verbs,prepositional verbs,and phrasal-prepositional verbs.15.Since most words have more than one meaning,the definitions are usually grouped together in some order. There are three kinds of order:historical order;frequency-determined order and logical order.16.Based on media,dictionaries can be classified into electronic dictionaries and print dictionaries.17.Learner’s dictionaries are designed to serve the needs of learners whose native language is not English but who are at the intermediate or the advanced stage of language learning.18.Children’s dictionaries are intended for children who are native speakers.19.The Oxford English Dictionary is the greatest of all unabridged English dictionaries.20.Metaphor is often considered as a variation in the expression of meanings.III.True or False Questions.(1’×10=10’)Judge the following statements and mark T for right one and F or wrong one.Write the answers on Answer Sheet.()1.Semantics is defined as the study of meaning.()2.Word is used traditionally to refer to a sequence of letters bounded by time.()3.Generally speaking,lexical words are nouns,verbs,adjectives,and adverbs.()4.The relationship of reference holds between an expression and what that expression stands for on particular occasions of its utterance.()5.Social meaning refers to the kind of meaning a piece of language conveys about the naturalcircumstances of its use.()6.Affective meaning can be used to cover the attitudinal and emotional factors expressed in a word. ()7.A base consisting of a single morpheme is labeled as root.()tin is not only the first major contributor of loanwords to English,but also one of the most important sources for the coinage of new English words.()9.Inflection refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words.()10.Affixation is the process whereby an affix is attached to a base.()11.Class-changing derivational affixes change the part of speech of the word to which they are added.()12.Class-maintaining derivational affixes change the meaning of the derivative.()pounds are stems consisting of more than one root.()14.An endocentric compound consists of a head and its modifier.()15.An exocentric compound does not have a head,and its meaning cannot be literally guessed from its constituent parts.()16.Blending often results in the creation of new morphemes or in the addition of old meanings to new ones.()17.When two words are pronounced like individual words,they are acronyms.()18.Once a metaphor becomes accepted,speakers tend to view the metaphorical meaning as separate from its peripheral meaning.()19.Analogy can be seen as a phenomenon of human cognition.()20.In English,multiword verbs are units in which the main verb occurs with one or two particles. ()21.Proverbs are short well-known statements that give practical advice about life.()22.Word choice is one of the most obvious linguistic features among registers.()23.Breaking a taboo may not result in embarrassment,shame,rudeness and even legal penalties. ()24.The most prominent characteristic of a jargon is its specialized vocabulary.()25.Metaphor is a type of figurative usage.()26.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.()27.Affective meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates the attitude of the user. ()28.Slang is often defined as the language peculiar to a trade,profession,or other group.()29.Jargon is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker’s dialect or language.()30.Ameliorations refer to the development of more favorable meaning for words.IV.Matching.(1’×20=20’)Match the following words,idioms or proverbs with the Chinese and write the answers on Answer Sheet.A.Borrowings Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)nosher n.吃快餐的人；吃小吃的人(2)digress vi.离题，(谈话或写作中)暂时离开主题(3)imitate vt.模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制(4)peninsula n.半岛(5)vexillology n.旗帜学(6)allegory n.寓言(7)dilemma n.困境；进退两难(8)democracy n.民主，民主主义；民主政治(9)anthology n.（诗、文、曲、画等的）选集(10)zoology n.动物学；动物区系(11)boulevard n.林荫大道(12)amethyst n.紫水晶(13)ruby n.红宝石(14)duke n.公爵(15)solo n.独奏；独唱；独奏曲(16)kimono n.和服(17)chow mein n.（中国的）炒面(18)dim sum n.（中国的）点心(19)bazaar n.集市；市场；义卖市场(20)hallelujah n.赞美上帝的颂歌B.Idioms or Proverbs Matching.(1’×10=10’)(1)to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth出生在富贵人家(2)A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。