大学英语四级考试阅读模拟试题Passage One Conflict between President Johnson and Congress摘要：约翰逊总统赞成对南方采取宽松政策,而国会则倾向于采取惩罚性方案。
他们之间的意见是针锋相对的。
Another example of the exercise of power by Congress was the action it took during the Reconstruction Period after the Civil War. It has already been noted that President Johnson favored a lenient policy toward the South and attempted to carry on Lincoln’s “10 per cent plan.” He pardoned most of the Southern leaders and permitted them to restore their state governments. They were permitted to elect Senators and Representatives.Congress, however, led by the Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens, had other ideas about the handling of the defeated Confederacy. Congress favored punitive policies. The South should be treated as conquered territory, and its readmission should be handled by Congress rather than the President. Congress opposed the “Johnson Government” and the “Black Codes” passed by Southern states which virtually restored former slaves to their masters. Accordingly, it passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This measure divided the south into five military districts and provided that a seceded state would be readmitted in the Union only after it had ratified the 14th Amendment which provided that all persons born or naturalized in the United States should be citizens of the United States and of the state in which they resided; granted equality before the law to all persons; and prohibited a state from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. Congress also barred rebel leaders from federal office, repudiated the Confederate debt, and reduced the representation of states which barred qualified person from voting. Later it adopted the 15th Amendment guaranteeing the Negroes the right to vote.Johnson vigorously opposed these measures. He vetoed the Reconstruction Act and others, only to see Congress repass them over his veto. After such passage of the Tenure of Office Act, Johnson, believing it unconstitutional, violated it and removed a member of his Cabinet without consulting Congress. The House of Representativesproceeded to impeach Johnson. The Senate, however, failed, by one vote, to reach the two-thirds majority necessary for his removal.Notes:1. lenient adj. 宽大的，仁慈的，慈悲为怀的2. Punitive adj. 刑罚的，惩罚性的3. Secede vi. 正式脱离或退出，分离4. repudiate v. 批判1. The title most suitable for the passage isA) The Power of CongressB) The impeachment of President JohnsonC) Conflict between president Johnson and congressD) The Power of Congress during the Reconstruction Period2. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passageA) President Johnson believed that the Reconstruction Act of 1867 should becarried out.B) Johnson failed to be impeached because anyhow the President should havemore power than Congress.C) The states which seceded could be admitted to the Union on the conditionthat they approve of the 14th Amendment.D) The President doesn’t ha ve the right to remove a Cabinet member withoutconsulting Congress.3. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 ______A) affirmed the “Black Codes”.B) Was vetoed by the President.C) Was lenient in the treatment of the seceded states.D) Was declared unconstitutional by the President.4. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A) All those who are born in America are regarded as American citizens.B) Congress stipulated that leaders of Confederacy shouldn’t enter upon federal office.C) Negroes didn’t have the right to vote until the 15th Amendment was passed.D) A state can’t deprive any person of liberty5. The paragraph preceeding this passage is most likely concerned with _____.A) the situation during the Civil WarB) President Johnson’s anecdotesC) Presidents’ powerD) The exercise of power by Congress答案：Passage one1. C. 本文共三段，第一段总括Congress具有一定的权威，President Johnson 对南方采取宽松政策。
第二段专门讲Congress。
第三段写了Johnson，他们之间的意见是针锋相对的，故选项C最为合适。
2. D. 参见第三段第三、四句话。
Johnson擅自罢免内阁成员，下院马上就弹劾总统，说明Johnson这样做属于越权行为。
3. B. 参见第三段第二句话，Johnson次开发否决了这一法令和其它一些法令。
4. D. 参见第二段后半部分，D）选项错误，个州当然有权剥夺罪犯的自由权，只是要依照法律行事，而不是任意剥夺。
5．D. 参见文章第一句话。
“Another example…” 说明在这之前已经提到过国会行使权力的一个例子。
Passage Two Air Bags摘要：全文主要讲述的是气袋的发明原因和功用.由于交通事故不断出现，美国政府及私人企业共同发明了一种装置，即气袋。
它在人与汽车之间起着护垫的作用。
Car crashes are the leading cause of death among Americans from one to thirty-four. About 60 people are killed daily in front seats of cars, and more than 800 people are injured seriously. These deaths and injuries occur because the car’s occupants crash into its interior after the vehicle hits an object and stops. At 30 miles per hour, an unprotected passenger weighing 150 pounds crashes with a force of 4,500 pounds into the steeling wheel, dashboard, or windshield, or is thrown through the car window.For many years, government agencies and private companies have worked together to develop a device that will protect the occupants of a car automatically during a crash. This research has led to the air bag---an automatic crash protection system that is quicker than the blink of an eye.An air bag is a safety device that is built into the steering wheel or dashboard of a car. In a serious crash of the front of the car---equal to hitting a brick wall at a speedgreater than 12 miles per hour---a crash sensor activates the air bag. The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash. The sensors can tell the difference between impacts that should inflate the bag (those severe enough to cause injury) and those not intended to inflate the bag (fender-benders in parking lots, or fast stops). The bag inflates within one-tenth of a second and creates a protective pad between the person and the car. The air bag inflates and deflates rapidly. The cycle is over in less than one second.Air bags are now available in some car models. Many manufacturers plan to offer air bag systems over the next few years. They are an effective form of protection. But for full protection in all kinds of crashes, lap and shoulder safety belts must be used with the air bag.Notes:1. dashboard n. 挡泥板2. fender-bender n. 折弯装置3. pad n. 护垫1. What is the passage mainly about?A) car crashesB) safety beltsC) inflation and deflation in a car.D) air bags2. How long does it take an air bag to inflate and deflate?A) 10 seconds B) longer than 1 minuteC) less than one second D) 12 seconds3. Which part of the body were air bags designed to protect?A) the legs B) the head C) the back D) the feet4. What is the major function of the sensors, according to the passage?A) The sensors form an automatic crash protection system.B) The sensors are switches that are activated by a crash.C) The sensors can tell the difference between serious impact and slight impacts.D) The sensor activates the air bag.5. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?A) The sensors that activate air bags do not work very well.B) People need to use safety belts in order to protect themselves from death or injury while riding in a car.C) Air bags can reduce the number of deaths and injuries from automobile accidents.D) The methods used to test the safety of cars need to be changed.答案：Passage two1. D. 全文主要讲述的是气袋的发明与功用，因而选A）。