Lesson 4 An exciting trip首先，我们检查一下课文的背诵和生词的默写。
接下来我们来重点讲解课文。
1. exciting/excited我们在新1就讲过，-ed结尾的adj.指人,以-ing结尾的adj.指物，同样的：exciting adj. 令人兴奋的(物)；excited adj. (人)兴奋eg: the news is exciting.一则令人兴奋的新闻exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩I am excited. 我很兴奋excite v. 激动（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……）eg: The news excited me.这则新闻另我激动。
2. receive① vt. 接到，收到，得到eg: When did you receive that letter?词组：receive a letter from sb = hear from sb 收到某人的来信vt. 招待，接待eg: You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.注：①receive 是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。
receive/have a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信receive education接受教育receive punishment 接受惩罚②accept 同意接收（主观上是否接受）eg: This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn't accept it.③take则是主动的“拿”、“取”、“采纳”eg: I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.词组：take the exam 接受考试take advice 接受建议 3. 同位语I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.这一句中，Tim就是my brother的同位语。
同位语是指一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分，同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。
在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。
eg: This is John, one of my best friends. 这位是约翰。
他是我最好的朋友之一。
Mrs. Smith, my neighbor, has never been abroad. 我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。
4. 现在完成时①复习：现完时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
eg: I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了。
也可表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情，但动作或事情可能仍在继续。
eg: I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last.我想看看从上次见到那地方以来它发生了多大变化。
I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语②常与现在完成时时态标志：before (now)（以前）；it’s the first time（第一次）；so for（到目前为止）；so far this morning（到上午为止）；up to now（直到现在）；up to the present（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for 一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at last（终于）；finally（最终）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever 等。
eg: I have lived here for several years . 我已经在这里居住几年了。
I’ve made many new friends since I have lived here.自从我住在这里已经结交了许多的朋友了。
③基本用法：主语是第三人称单数主语不是第三人称单数肯定句主语+has done+其他eg: He has seen thismovie．Lee has lived in Nanjingfor many years．主语+have done+其他eg: I have been a teacher since 3 years. They have eaten lunch．否定句主语+hasn’t done+其他eg: He hasn’t seen thefilm．Lee hasn’t lived inNanjing for manyyears．主语+haven’t done +其他eg: They haven’t worked．We haven’t gone to the HK．疑问句Has+主语+done+其他eg: Has she heard fromher family recently?Have+主语+done+其他eg: Have you ever been to theSummer Palace?④瞬间动词与延续性动词的转化He has been there for six months.这句能不能改成He has been there for six months?不能，因为for six months表延续了六个月，而arrive是瞬间动词，是不能延续的，只能用be in来表示延续的状态。
在完成时中，与how long 连用也必须把短暂性动词变为延续性动词。
eg: 比赛开始多久了？ How long has the match begun? ×How long has the match been on? √到明年，他们就结婚30年了。
They will have married for 30 years by next year. ×They will have been married for 30 years by next year. √类似的动词变化还有：get to/arrive/reach/get → _______________ go/leave → _______________ join → _______________ fall asleep → ________________ begin/start→_____________finish →_______________ borrow →________________ buy →_________________open →_______________ close →_______________ put on→_______________become→______________ get up→_______________ goabroad→_______________译：文具店还开这么？--不，它已经关门一小时了，____________________________________________________________你已经借这本书太久了。
____________________________________________________________他离开南京多久了？____________________________________________________他对美国很了解，他已经到那十年了。
____________________________________________________________⑤ has been to/has gone toHe has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs这句中，has gone to 表示去了某地没回来，而has been to 曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方。
eg: I’ve never been to Beijing before.Have you been to Paris?How many times have you been there?eg: Where’s Tom? Has anyone seen him?--He ________ the library and he won’t be back until noon.A. has gone toB. went toC. has been toD. is going to5. He is working for a big firm①work for 在……上班/任职，强调workeg: I am working for a school.work in 强调地点（在哪个地方上班）eg: I am working in the New Oriental school.work at 上班eg: She works at a department store.②firm n. 商行, 公司 n. 公司company6.大量的① a number of/the number of…he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.这句中，a number of表大量的，后面一定要加可数名词复数，所以谓语动词也要用复数；通常number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。
a great number of 类似于, 约等于a lot of，但a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词eg: A large/great number of our students are Danish.There are a small number of spelling mistakes in your homework.The number of…的意思是“…的数量”，后面谓语动词应用单数eg: What ________ the number of the students in your school?--About two thousand. A number of them ________ from England.A. is, areB. is, isC. are, isD. are,are②还有一些词组也可表示大量的：修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of, a large amount of，谓动要用单数，但如用large amounts of谓动就要用复数了。