积极倾听active listening 活动activities解体阶段adjourning 态度的情感成分affective component反优先雇用行动计划affirmative action分析型风格analytic style 评价中心assessment centers资产管理asset management东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nation, ASEABN假设相似性assumed similarity 态度attitude态度调查attitude surveys 归因理论attribution theory职权authority 独裁型风格autocratic style内部自治单位autonomous internal units自主性autonomy 平衡计分卡balanced scorecard彻底纠正行动basic corrective actionBCG矩阵BCG matrix 态度的行为成分behavioral component行为定位评分法behaviorally anchored rating scales, BARS行为型风格behavioral style 行为理论behavioral theories行为behavior 标杆比较benchmarking大五人格模型big-five model of personality体态语言body language “煮青蛙”现象“Boiled frog”phenomenon 无国界组织borderless organization 无边界组织boundaryless organization跨越管理boundary spanning 有限理性bounded rationality盈亏平衡分析break-even analysis 预算budget官僚行政组织bureaucracy 官僚控制bureaucracy control事业层战略business-level strategy 商业模式business model商业计划书business plan 职业career集权centralization 确定性certainty指挥链chain of command 变革推动者change agents通道channel 领袖魅力型领导者charismatic leader小集团控制clan control 古典观点classical view封闭系统closed systems 封闭式公司closely held corporation道德准则code of ethics 强制权力coercive power态度的认知成分cognitive component 认知失调cognitive dissonance集体主义collectivism 承诺概念commitment concept沟通网络communication networks 沟通communication竞争优势competitive advantage 竞争对手情报competitor intelligence压缩工作周compressed workweek 概念技能conceptual skills同期控制concurrent control 冲突conflict关怀维度consideration 权变观点contingency perspective控制职能controlling 控制过程control process控制control 核心能力core competencies公司层战略corporate-level strategy 公司制企业corporation成本领先战略cost leadership strategy 创造creativity信誉credibility 关键事件critical incidents关键线路critical path 交叉职能团队cross-functional team文化冲击cultural shock 顾客部门化customer departmentation数据data 分权decentralization决策制定角色decisional roles 决策标准decision criteria决策制定decision-making 解码decoding解聘decruitment 斜向沟通diagonal communication差异化战略differentiation strategy 方向性计划directional plans命令型风格directive style 事业部型结构divisional structure劳动分工division of labor 下行沟通downward communication双职工家庭dual-career couples 消极冲突dysfunctional conflicts电子企业e-business 电子商务e-commerce经济附加值economic value added, EV A效果effectiveness效率efficiency 自我强度ego strength电子邮件e-mail 情绪智力emotional intelligence, EI员工偷窃行为employee theft 授权empowerment编码encoding 创业型企业entrepreneurial ventures创业精神entrepreneurship 环境复杂性environmental complexity环境扫描environmental scanning 环境不确定性environmental uncertainty 公平理论equity theory 承诺升级escalation of commitment尊重需要esteem needs 民族中心论ethnocentric attitude欧盟European Community 事件events期望理论expectancy theory 专家权力expert power出口exporting 外部环境external environment外部互联网extranet 益于家庭的福利family-friendly benefits 传真fax 可行性研究feasibility study反馈feedback 前馈控制feedforward control费德勒权变模型Fielder contingency model过滤filtering基层管理者first-line managers弹性工作时间flexible work hours, flex-time聚焦战略focus strategy 预测forecast外国子公司foreign subsidiary 正式沟通formal communication正规化formalization 正规计划部门formal planning department 形成阶段forming 特许经营franchising搭便车效应free rider tendency 积极冲突functional conflicts职能部门化functional departmentalization职能层战略functional-level strategy 职能型结构functional structure职能型团队functional team基本归因错误fundamental attribution error收益分成gainsharing 甘特图Gantt chart一般行政管理理论家general administrative theorists一般环境general environment 普通合伙制general partnership全球化视野Geocentric attitude地区部门化geographic departmentalization目标goals目标设置理论goal-setting theory 小道消息grapevine评分表法graphic rating scales 管理的绿色化greening of management群体内聚力group cohesiveness 分组排序法group order ranking群体思维groupthink 群体group增长战略growth strategy 晕轮效应halo effect收获harvesting 霍桑研究Hawthorne studies需要层次理论hierarchy of needs theory 高-高型领导者high-high leader高绩效工作实务high-performance work practices冲突的人际关系观点human relations view of conflict人力资源管理human resource management 人力资源规划human resource planning人际技能human skill 保健因素hygiene factors创新带头人idea champion 直接纠正行动immediate corrective action 实施implementation 进口importing个人主义individualism 个体排序法individual ranking产业革命industrial revolution 非正式沟通informal communication信息角色informational roles 信息information定规维度initiating structure 创新innovation即时信息instant messaging社会契约整合理论integrative social contracts theory知识产权intellectual property冲突的相互作用观点intercationist view of conflict人际沟通interpersonal communication 人际关系角色interpersonal roles内部网intranet 直觉决策intuitive decision making行话jargon 职务分析job analysis工作特征模型job characteristic model, JCM工作深度job depth 职务说明书job description工作设计job design 工作扩大化job enlargement工作丰富化job enrichment 工作投入job involvement工作分担job sharing 职务规范job specification合资企业joint venture 知识管理knowledge management工会labor union 放任型风格laisser-faire style横向沟通lateral communication 领导者-成员关系leader member relation领导者参与模型leader-participation model领导leadership 领导者leader学习learning 学习型组织learning organization最难共事者问卷least-preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire法定权力legitimate power 许可证贸易licensing有限责任合作公司limited liability company, LLC有限合伙制企业limited liability partnership, LLP线性规划linear programming 负荷图load chart控制点locus of control 长期计划long-term plans马基雅维利主义Machiavellianism 目标管理management by objectives, MBO 走动管理management by walking around, MBWA管理信息系统management information system, MIS管理角色management roles 管理management管理方格managerial grid 管理者manager制造型组织manufacturing organizations 市场控制market control市场增加值market value added, MV A大批量生产mass production矩阵型结构matrix structure 手段-目的链means-ends chain机械式组织mechanistic organization 信息message中层管理者middle managers 使命mission激励-保健理论motivation-hygiene theory 动机motivation激励因素motivators多国公司multinational corporations, MNC多人比较法multiperson comparison 民族文化national culture需要need 成就需要need for achievement归属需要need for affiliation 权力需要need for power噪声noise 非程序化决策nonprogrammed decisions 非言语沟通nonverbal communication 规范阶段norming规范norms管理万能论omnipotent view of management 帐目公开管理open-book management开放系统open system 操作性条件反射operant conditioning作业协议operating agreement 运营计划operational plans作业管理operations management 机会opportunities有机式组织organic organization 组织organization组织行为organizational behavior 组织变革organizational change组织公民行为organizational citizenship behavior, OCB组织承诺organizational commitment 组织沟通organizational communication组织文化organization culture 组织设计organization design组织发展organizational development组织有效性organizational effectiveness 组织知识organizational knowledge组织绩效organizational performance 组织过程organizational process组织社会化organizational socialization 组织结构organizational structure组织职能organizing 上岗引导orientation配对比较法paired comparison 狭隘主义parochialism路径-目标理论path-goal theory绩效工资方案pay-for performance programs知觉perception绩效管理系统performance management system绩效performance 执行阶段performing人格personality PERT网络PERT network生理需要physiological need 计划职能planning计划plan 政策policy多国中心论polycentric attitude机构不良的问题poorly structured problem职位权力position power 权力差距power distance管理原则principle of management 主动性人格proactive personality问题problem 程序procedure过程冲突process conflict 过程部门化process departmentalization连续生产process production 产品部门化product departmentalization生产率productivity 程序化决策programmed decision项目project 项目管理project management项目型结构project structure 定性预测qualitative forecasting生活的质量quality of life 定量方法quantitative approach定量预测quantitative forecasting 生活的数量quantity of life偏差范围range of variation 理性决策rational decision making成熟度readiness 真实目标real objectives真实工作预览realistic job preview, RJP招聘recruitment 参照权力referent power参照对象referents 强化理论reinforcement theory强化物reinforcer 相关多元化related diversification信度reliability 资源resource职责responsibility 紧缩战略retrenchment strategy奖赏权力reward power 道德的权力观right view of ethics风险性risk 角色role规则rule 安全需要safety needs满意决策satisfying 脚本scenario排程scheduling 科学管理scientific managementS类公司S corporation 甄选过程selection process选择性知觉selective perception 选择性selectivity自我实现需要self-actualization needs 自我效能感self-efficacy自尊self-esteem 自我管理团队self-managed workteam 自我监控self-monitoring 自我服务偏见self-serving bias服务型组织service organizations 性骚扰sexual harassment行为塑造shaping behavior 短期计划short-term plan简单结构simple structure 一次性计划single-use plan情景领导理论situational leadership theory, SLT六西格码6σ技能工资skill-based pay技能多样性skill variety 松弛时间slack time小企业small business 社会学习理论social learning theory社交需要social need 社会义务social obligation社会责任social responsibility 社会响应social responsiveness社会屏障筛选social screening 社会经济学观点socioeconomic view 个人业主制企业sole proprietorship 管理跨度span of control具体环境specific environment 具体计划specific plans稳定性战略stability strategy利益相关者伙伴关系stakeholders partnership利益相关者stakeholder 持续性计划stated objectives地位status 刻板印象stereotyping震荡阶段storming 战略同盟strategic alliances战略事业单位strategic business unit, SUB战略管理strategic management战略计划strategic plans 优势strength强文化strong culture 徘徊其间stuck in the middleSWOT分析SWIOT analysis 管理象征论symbolic view of management 系统system 任务冲突task conflict任务完整性task identity 任务重要性task significance任务结构task structure 基于团队的结构team-based structure技术技能technical skills 远距离办公telecommuting电话会议teleconferencing道德公正理论观theory of justice view of ethicsX理论theory X Y理论theory Y动作分类体系therbligs 威胁threats三百六十度反馈360 degree feedback 三种需要理论three-need theory高层管理者top managers 全面质量管理total quality management传统的目标设置traditional objective setting冲突的传统观点traditional view of conflict事务型领导者transactional leaders 变革型领导者transformational leaders跨国公司transnational corporations, TNCs信任trust不确定性uncertainty 不确定性规模uncertainty avoidance单件生产unit production 统一指挥unity of command管理的普遍性university of management非相关多元化unrelated diversification上行沟通upward communication 道德的功利观utilitarian view of ethics效度validity以价值观为基础的管理values-based management价值链管理value chain management 价值链value chain价值观values 价值value语调verbal intonation 电视会议videoconferencing虚拟团队virtual team 愿景规划的领导visionary leadership语音传输voice mall 劣势weaknesses结构良好问题well-structured problem 劳动力多样化workforce diversity工作场所精神境界workplace spirituality工作抽样work sampling工作专门化work specification 工作团队work team书面描述written essay。