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自发性细菌性腹膜炎ppt课件


Portal hypertension
Translocation to lymph node
Motility decreases Congestion edema
Increases the permeability and facilitates translocation
Translocation
Submucosa
BloodstreamLymh nodeTranslocation has been observed in healthy individuals at the time of laparatomy. In cirrhosis, several forms of immunedeficiency favor the spread of bacteria to the blood stream
• 淋巴液引流异常
• 肝硬化动物模型中肠系膜淋巴结细菌迁 移(Bacterial translocation, BT)发生率 达69%,合并营养不良者达95%,有SBP 者达 100% ,而无 SBP 者仅为 57% 。肠系 膜淋巴结培养与SBP腹水中的致病菌是一 致的。肠系膜缺血;出血性休克;肠道 细菌过度生长及内毒素血症均可促进BT 的发生。
• All cirrhotic patients with ascites can develop SBP • It is comprising 31% of all bacterial infection • It has been estimated to be between 1030% • Approximately half the episodes of SBP are present at the time of hospital admission and the remainder are acquired during hospitalization
发生率
• SBP最常发生于失代偿期肝硬化患者,也 可见于其他腹水患者。 • 占住院肝硬化患者的10%~30% • 无腹水者约10% • 有腹水者20% • 合并肝性脑病者高达36%。
病原学
• • • • 腹水感染细菌主要来自胃肠道 90%以上为单一菌种感染 主要为需氧G—杆菌 大肠杆菌所致的SBP约占40%~50%。
• 侧枝循环开放
• 肝脏对清除门静脉血中的细菌起着十分 重要的作用,侧枝循环可使门脉中细菌 直接进入体循环形成菌血症。菌血症是 SBP发生的一个重要环节。SBP时至少约 50% 患者,可在血液中分离出与腹水相 同的致病菌,约1/3 SBP为非肠源性。
Pathogenesis of SBP
Bacterial overgrowth
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自发性细菌性腹膜炎
定义
• 自发性细菌性腹膜炎(Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis , SBP)指无腹腔脏 器穿孔,炎症而发生的腹膜急性细菌性 感染,是肝硬化门脉高压的常见并发症 之一。典型临床表现为发热、腹痛和腹 部压痛,血白细胞增高。
• Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) is a frequent and severe complication of cirrhotic patients with ascites. • Although SBP has been described as occurring in different settings, such as nephrotic syndrome, heart failure; most SBP episodes develop in patients with end stage liver disease as a manifestation of liver failure. • Ascitic fluid infection is blood-borne and in 90% of cases is monomicrobial.
发病机理
• SBP患者腹水中分离出来的细菌多为 胃肠道细菌,表明细菌来自胃肠道, 但细菌经过什么途径进入腹水目前 尚不清楚。可能的途径如下:
一,胃肠道细菌迁移
• 细菌通过肠壁直接到达腹腔 • 肝硬化时胃肠道内菌群失调,菌群上移。 回肠末端、空回肠均有大肠杆菌生长。 • 酒精性肝硬化 30.3%有小肠细菌过度生 长,健康者无 • 有腹水者 37.1% 有小肠细菌过度生长, 无腹水者 5.3% • 小肠细菌过度生长者 30.7%发生SBP,高 于不伴者(9.09%)。 • 但SBP大多为单一细菌感染,提示这一途 径仅是SBP形成的可能原因之一。
• SBP分三个亚型:
1. 细菌培养阳性+腹水多形核白细胞增 加; 2. 细菌培养阴性的白细胞性腹水 (culture-negative neutrocytic ascites , CNNA); 3. 细菌性腹水(bacterial ascites, BA) 指腹水培养阳性而PMN不升高。
Prevalence of SBP
SBP的病原学(n=263) 致病菌 病例数 大肠杆菌 121 链球菌属 80 肺炎克雷伯菌 24 G—需氧阴性菌 22 厌氧菌 2 其他 15
% 46 30 9 8 <1 6
• Although the flora of the large intestine is most frequently anaerobic, their isolation as a causative bacteria of SBP is an infrequent event. • WHY? * Inability of anaerobes to translocate across the intestinal mucosa * The high O2 content of the intestinal wall
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