Book3 Unit 1-11. An Introduction to PersonalityIn a general sense, the term “personality”refers to all the personal and moral characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his or her social and personal relations.These traits include a vast variety of attitudes and attributes, such as: shyness, generosity, patience, flexibility, sadness, humor, cheerfulness, selfishness, independence and aggressiveness.Most people are a mix of positive and negative traits. Personality traits that are valued in one culture may be frowned upon in another culture.Most research tends to suggest that our basic personality is inherited but that many factors shape and mould our personality as we grow mature.Recognizing one’s strengths and weaknesses is an important step in the process of personal development.In recent years, various studies have shown that health and personality are interrelated. In constantly looking at the dark side of things, pessimists can become discouraged to feel helpless; optimists, on the other hand, attempt to make the best of a situation.2. Mr. and Miss So and SoDirections: Work in pairs to complete these imaginary names to form adjectives that describe a person’s personality.3. Personality and JobWords used to describe a person’s personality.aggressive, amiable, arrogant, artful, brave, broad-minded, carefree, caring, cheerful, compassionate, competitive, conservative, courageous, demanding, determined, dominant, dynamic, egocentric, extroverted, flexible, generous, idle,light-hearted, lively, logical, loyal, malicious, mean, moody, outgoing, passionate, practical, proud, rational, realistic, reserved, ruthless, self-centered, sinister, spiteful, strong-willed, unscrupulous, vain, violent, well-organized…Directions: Discuss with your partner and decide the personality traits that you think would make an ideal person for the following job.Words and phrases1. accent v. to emphasize a part of something 强调，使突出1) Skillful use of make-up can accent your cheekbones and hide small blemishes.2) The side tables were accented by fresh flower arrangements.accent n. a way of pronouncing the words of a language that shows which country, area or social class a person comes from 口音，腔调1) a northern/Dublin/Indian/Scottish accent2) a strong/broad accent (= one that is very noticeable)3) She spoke English with an accent.2. a special importance that is given to something强调，注重In all our products, the accent is on quality.3. the emphasis that you should give to part of a word when saying it重音In “today”, the accent is on the second syllable.acquaintance n.a person whom one knows but who is not a close friend 相识的人，泛泛之交1) He has a wide circle of acquaintances.2) She is an old acquaintance.◆have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sb./sth.I must admit I have only a passing acquaintance with his books.◆make sb.’s acquaintance / make the acquaintance of sb.I made his acquaintance at a party.circulate v.1. to move around within a system, or to make something do this循环，环行1) Ceiling fans circulated warm air around the room.2) The condition prevents the blood from circulating freely.2. if information, facts, ideas etc. circulate, they become known by many people传播，流传Rumors began circulating that the Prime Minister was seriously ill.3. to talk to a lot of different people in a group, especially at a party交往I circulated among the guests during the party.contrast n.1. a difference between people, ideas, situations, things etc. that are being compared对比，对照1)While there are similarities in the two cultures, there are also great contrasts.2) The birth rate for older women has declined, but, by contrast, births to teenage mothers have increased.3) The stock lost 60 cents a share, in contrast to last year, when it gained 21 cents.4) The economic and social contrasts between the poor and the rich.2. something that is very different from something else: 形成对比的人或物1) The sauce is quite sweet, so add dried thyme as a contrast.2) The red stems of this bush provide a contrast to the drab brown of the winter garden.3. the degree of difference between the light and dark parts of a television picture, X-ray, photocopy etc.: 对比度，反差1) This button adjusts the contrast.2) The chemical heightens contrast between different kinds of tissue in the breast.contrast v.1. if two things contrast, the difference between them is very easy to see and is sometimes surprising形成对比1) The snow was icy and white, contrasting with the brilliant blue sky.2) These results contrast sharply with other medical tests carried out in Australia.2. to compare two things, ideas, people etc. to show how different they are from each other使成对比，使成对照1) In another passage, Melville again contrasts the land with the sea.2) The documentary contrasts the reality of war with its romanticized image.dwell(vi.) (dwelt or dwelled) (Line 31, Para. 4) 1) dwell in /at: reside居住2) dwell on / upon: think, speak or write at length about凝思；详细；论述；仔细研究不要过分沉溺在痛苦的回忆之中。