浅谈变压器励磁涌流产生机理（中英文结合）摘要：变压器作为交流电力系统重要的电气设备，其正常运行直接关系着系统的安全。
差动保护作为变压器主保护，励磁涌流是影响其正确动作与否的关键因素之一。
文章分析了变压器励磁涌流及其特点，以单相变压器为例，分析了励磁涌流产生的机理，并给出了常见的抑制措施。
Abstract: transformer as an important of communication power system electrical equipment, the normal operation of the system has a close relationship with safety. Differential protection for transformer main protection, excitation inrush current is one of the key factors affecting the correct operation or not. Excitation inrush current of transformer is analyzed and its characteristics of a single-phase transformer as an example, analyzed the mechanism of excitation inrush current, and the inhibition of common measures is given.关键词：变压器励磁涌流二次谐波间断角Keywords: transformer excitation inrush current second harmonic discontinuous Angle1、变压器励磁涌流及特点1, transformer excitation inrush current and the characteristic 变压器是一种依据电磁感应原理制造而成的静止元件，是交流输电系统中用于电压变换的重要电气设备。
当合上断路器给变压器充电时，有时候，能够观察到变压器电流表的指针有很大摆动，随后，很快又返回到正常的空载电流值，这个冲击电流通常就被称为励磁涌流。
Transformer is a kind of based on electromagnetic induction principle and static element, is used in ac transmission system voltage transformation of the important electrical equipment. When close the circuit breaker to charging transformer, sometimes, can be observed in transformer ammeter pointer has great swing, then quickly return to normal no-load current value, the impact current is usually referred to as the excitation inrush current.总的来说，变压器励磁涌流有以下几个特点：第一，波形呈现尖顶形状，表明其中含有相当成分的非周期分量和高次谐波分量，其中高次谐波以二次和三次为主，并且，随着时间推移，某一相二次谐波含量可能超过基波分量的一半以上。
第二，励磁涌流幅值与变压器空载投入的电压初相角直接相关。
对于单相变压器来说，当电压过零点投入时，励磁涌流幅值最大。
由于三相变压器各相间有120度相位差，所以涌流也不尽相同。
第三，在最初几个波形中，涌流将出现间断角。
第四，涌流衰减的时间常数与变压器阻抗、容量和铁心材料等都相关。
Transformer excitation inrush current, on the whole, have the following characteristics: first, the waveform in spire shape, that it contains quite the aperiodic component and high harmonic components, the high harmonics is given priority to with two times/ /and three times, and, over time, the second harmonic content could be more than one phase of the fundamental component for more than half. Second, excitation inrush current amplitude is directly related to early transformer no-load input voltage phase Angle. For single-phase transformer, when a zero input voltage, excitation inrush current amplitude is the largest. Due to three-phase transformer and the 120 degree phase difference, so the flow also is not the same. Third, in the first few waveform, the flow will appear discontinuous Angle. Fourth, the inrush current decay time constant and transformer impedance, capacity and core materials are related.2、励磁涌流产生机理2, the mechanism of excitation inrush current变压器励磁涌流是由变压器铁心饱和引起的。
在铁心不饱和时，铁心磁化曲线的斜率很大，励磁电流近似为零；一旦铁心出现饱和，磁化曲线斜率变小，电流随着磁通线性增长，最终演变为励磁涌流。
Transformer excitation inrush current is caused by the transformer core saturation. Unsaturated in core, core slope of the curve is very big, exciting current approximate to zero; Once the iron core saturation, magnetization curve slope decreases and current with magnetic flux linear growth, eventually evolved into excitation inrush current.下面以单相变压器空载合闸为例分析励磁涌流产生机理。
设变压器在时间t=0时合闸，则施加于变压器上的电压为：The excitation inrush current in single-phase transformer no-load closing, for example analysis mechanism. A transformer at time t equals zero switching, is applied to the voltage in transformer is: （1）又，变压器电压与磁通间的关系为：（2）Again, the voltage transformer with magnetic: on the relationship between (2)故：（3）Reason: (3)式（3）中第一式为稳态磁通，后两式为暂态磁通，为铁心剩磁，与合闸时刻的电压相关。
Type (3) the first type is the steady state flux, after two type for transient magnetic flux, as the core remanence, associated with the voltage of switching time.计及成本和工艺，现代常用的电力变压器饱和磁通一般设为1.15～1.4，而变压器运行电压一般不应超过额定电压的10%。
因此，变压器稳态正常运行时，磁通不会超过饱和磁通，铁心也不会饱和。
但在暂态过程中，如变压器空载合闸时，由于剩磁的作用，运行磁通就有可能大于饱和磁通，从而造成变压器饱和。
例如，最严重的是电/ /压过零时刻，合闸，假若此时铁心的剩磁，非周期磁通为经过半个周期后，磁通达到，将远大于饱和磁通，造成变压器严重饱和。
Plan and cost and technology, modern commonly used power transformer saturation magnetic flux generally set at 1.15 ~ 1.15, and the transformer operating voltage in general should not exceed 10% of the rated voltage. Steady state when the normal operation of the transformer magnetic flux, therefore, will not exceed saturated magnetic flux, the iron core is not saturated. But in the transient process, such as transformer no-load closing, as a result of the action of remanent magnetism, operation flux is likely greater than the saturation magnetic flux, resulting in saturation of transformer. , for example, is the most severe voltage zero point, switch, if the core remanence, aperiodic flux for after half a cycle, the flux reached, will be greater than the saturation magnetic flux, causing serious saturation transformer.3、抑制措施3, inhibiting measures对于现场中常用的三相电力变压器，防止变压器励磁涌流引起差动保护的措施主要有以下几类。