A:名词复数的变化规则a. 在一般情况下,词尾后面加sb. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加﹣es,读[iz] buses boxes dishes watchesc. 以f 或fe 结尾的词,先将f 或fe 变成v,再加es,读[vz] half → halves注意:有时,以f 或fe 结尾的词变复数时,不需将f或fe变成v,再加﹣es.而只需在结尾直接加﹣s即可。
roof →roofs belief → beliefs safe → safes chief → chiefs 例外:还有一种特殊情况,即:个别以f或fe结尾的词会有两种复数形式。
handkerchief → handkerchiefs → handkerchieves手帕,方巾d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加﹣es 或﹣s,都读[z]hero → heroes Negro → Negroes potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes zoo → zoos piano → pianos photo → photos radio → radios bamboo ﹣bamboose. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加﹣es 读[iz]city → cityes注意:以元音字母﹢y结尾的名词单数变复数时,直接加﹣s,如:boysf. 以th 结尾的词,在词尾加﹣s mouth → mouths path → pathsB. 名词复数的不规则变化a. 元音发生变化man men woman women foot feet tooth teethmouse mice goose geeseb. 词尾发生变化child childrenc. 单、复数形式不变fish sheep deer Chinese Japanese中日不变英法变这些词是可数名词,且单复数形式相同,例:There are plenty of fish in the pool. 另外,fish 作为“鱼肉”讲时是不可数的。
There is much fish on the plate.d. 有些名词只有复数形式clothes trousers pants glasses scissors说明:如果要表示一条裤子,一副眼镜等,需用词组。
I want to buy two pairs of trousers.重要:可数名词表示复数时,可以和few, a few, many, a large number of, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等连用。
注意:还有些名词虽然是以s结尾,但是它不是名词的复数,而是单词本身词尾为s。
各学科的名称中许多属于此类名词,应把它们作为名词单数来看。
例如:maths physics politics means WalesPhysics is very difficult for me.C. 合成名词变为复数时⑴把第一个或最后一个词变成复数passerby passersbyson﹣in﹣law sons﹣in﹣law girl﹣friend girl﹣friends⑵把构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数man doctor- men doctorswoman teacher women- teachers man servant- men servants说明:这一类的合成名词多为由man, woman构成的合成词。
注意:fish 作“鱼”讲时,单复数一样,是可数名词。
chickenfish还可以作“鱼肉”讲,此时它是不可数名词。
2. 不可数名词(表示不能计算数目的人或物,称为不可数名词,它们前面不能用不定冠词a/ an,没有复数形式。
物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词。
——I like music. There is no water or air on the moon.A.用容器来表示不可数名词的量a cup of coffee a jar of jam a piece of news a piece of wooda tube of toothpaste a piece/ sheet of paper a piece/ slice of breada glass/ bottle of water a piece/ bit of advice注意:如要表示“两片面包”,“六杯茶”这类概念时,要用复数表示,如:Two pounds of cheese There are two pieces of information we need.B.用much, a lot of, a little, little, lots of, plenty of, some等表示多少There is only a little butter left. Mr.Zhu has a lot of money.Do you have much money to travel?另外,一些可数名词也可用容器表示量,如: a box of matchesfour pounds of tomatoes a bowl of beans重要:可数名词表示复数时,可以用以下词语修饰:many few a few some plenty of lots of/ a lot of3.名词的所有格有些名词可以加’s来表示其所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。
例如:a teacher’s book。
1. 表示有生命物的名词的所有格表示有生命物的名词的所有格,用加’s结构来表示所有关系。
S的读音和名词复数加s的读音基本相同。
a.单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加’s。
Tom’s cap Mary’s nose children’s room women’s booksb. 名词已有复数词尾s,词尾只加’即可。
students’bags the workers’struggle the teachers’reading–roomC. 表示某人的家、店铺等的所有格,一般可以省略它后面所修饰的名词。
例如:My father and I will have dinner at the Johnson's (home ).⑴表示几个人共有一样东西时,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s,如表示各自所有,则需要在每个名字后加’s。
This is Tom and Jason’s room. These are Tom’s and Jason’s rooms.LiMing and WangHua’s marriage. LiMing’s and Wanghua’s marriages.⑵某些句子里,为避免重复,名词所有格修饰的词可以省略。
Our room is bigger than Mike’s (room).注意:在有些句子中,名词所有格修饰的词,通常可以省略。
John’s bike is better than Mike’s.重要:名词所有格词尾’s的读音与名词复数词尾–s的读音相同。
2.表示无生命的名词所有格用名词﹢of﹢名词的结构表示所有关系。
例如:the title of the song the picture of the family the legs of a table⑴有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词,也可以加’s来构成所有格。
one month’s vacation ten minutes’walktoday’s newspaper⑵有时’s结构可以转换成of结构以示强调。
the girl’s skirt=the skirt of the girl’s注意:请注意下列词组之间的区别:the kid’s bike = one kid, one bike.the kids’bike =two (or more) kids sharing the same bike.the kids’bikes = two (or more)kids with different bikes.( ) 1. ____ team in No. 4 Middle School used to help ____ with their training.A. Boys’; girl’sB. Boy’s; the girlC. The boys’; the girls’( ) 2. —How long does it take to get to the station?—It’s ____ walk.A. six minute’sB. six-minutesC.six minutes’( ) 3. —My prize is different from ____.—But ____ is the same as mine.A. Dick; yoursB.Dick’s; yoursC. Dick’s; your( ) 4. This is ____ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Ann and JaneB. Ann’s and Jane’sC.Ann and Jane’s( ) 5. We don’t have many pens, but I ca n lend you ____.A. two of mineB. two of meC. my two。