初三英语语法专题训练---几种特殊句型知识点讲解及练习精彩笔记1 简单句五种基本句型无论句子的结构多么复杂，都不会超出简单句的五种基本框架。

长句、难句都是这五种句型的扩充、套用和连用。

影响句型结构的主要因素是谓语动词。

“主谓”句型——主语+谓语“主谓宾”句型(一) ——主语+谓语+宾语简单句五种基本句型“主谓宾”句型(二) ——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语“主谓宾”句型(三) ——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语“主系表”句型——主语+系动词+表语六个成分即叙述的六要素:①who(谁做，主语)，②action(做什么，谓语)，③who/which/what(被做了什么，宾语)，④how(状语，怎么做)，⑤where (状语，在哪里做)，⑥when(状语，何时做)。

注意:时间状语可以置于句末，也可以置于句首。

精彩笔记2 so do/does/did/ will/have+主语neither do/does/did/ will/have+主语He has finished it , so have I. he hasn’t done it, neither have I.If you don’t go there, neither_________I.精彩笔记3 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构(1)and用于“祈使句+and+简单句”这一结构中，其中祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件状语从句，并列连词and引导的简单句常用一般将来时。

如:Go at once, and you will see her. =If you go at once, you will see her.马上去，那么你就会见到她了。

(2)用于“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中，祈使句相当于一个否定的条件状语从句，并列连词or引导的简单句常用一般将来时。

Read this article, or you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.精彩笔记4 常用的并列连词and 从属连词。

并列连词: and, or, but, for, both, either, etc.从属连词的用法：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as / if, unless/ because, as,since/ as..as, than ,not as/so..as等。

连接性副词:however，therefore，besides,moreover, wha t’s more，otherwise，anyway，instead, anyway, as a result等。

易错警示1. for (1)介词:“为了”，表示目的。

(2)连词:“因为”，表示原因，语气比because弱。

2. when (1)副词，“什么时候” (2)从属连词，“当……时” (3)并列连词，“这时，那时”。

精彩笔记4 状语从句由when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，since until, once, every time等引导的时间状语从句由if，unless，as long as等引导的条件状语从句由because，as，since等引导的原因状语从句由in order that，so that等引导的目的状语从句状语从句由although，though，even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句由so…that，such…that，so that等引导的结果状语从句由where, wherever等引导的地点状语从句由as... as... ，not as /so ... as ... , than等引导的比较状语从句由as, as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句状语从句是在句中起副词作用的句子，可用于复合句的句首或句末。

句式为:“状语从句+逗号+主句”或“主句+状语从句”。

1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。

如: He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那里一直等到她来。

You may stay here until/till the rain stop.你可以在这里待到雨停。

2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

如:He won't go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。

3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。

如:Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。

精彩笔记5 感叹句一、由what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！二、由how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词/ 副词＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋a/an ＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。

如：How time flies! 光阴似箭！由what 引导的感叹句与由how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。

如：How beautiful a girl she is! ＝What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! ＝How delicious these cakes are!精彩笔记6 动词不定式的作用跟踪练习：( )1. Sandy, for some information about the topic. Then share it with us, please.A. is searchingB. searchesC. searchD. will search( )2. fine weather it is! Let's go on a picnic!A. What aB. WhatC. HowD. How a( )3. 一Excuse me, but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?一Just going for two more blocks and you'll see it.A. keepB. to keepC. keepingD. keeps( )4. 一I'm afraid I can't come to your wedding, Julia. 一! But why?A. How happyB. How luckyC. What a pityD. What nice news( )5. 一delicious food you served us tonight! Thank you very much! 一I'm glad that you enjoyed it.A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a( )6. 一bad news! We didn't win the 15th Sudirman Cup. 一It's a pity.A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a( )7. Boys and girls, learning and have fun. A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept ( )8. carefully, please! Look at the road sign. There is a school ahead.A. DriveB. To driveC. Driving( )9. exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier in the water on April 26 in Dalian.A. HowB. WhatC. How anD. What an( )10. 一China is carrying out the two-child policy to avoid population problem. 一! We hope it can work well.A. How good is the planB. How good planC. How good the plan is‘( )11. throwing those stones, please.A Stop B. Stops C. Stopping D. Stopped( )12. for me at the bus station across from the post office. I can find you easily.A. WaitB. To waitC. WaitingD. Waits( )13. 一Mom, can I go dancing this evening? 一your homework first, and then we'll talk about it.A. FinishB. FinishingC. To finishD. Finished( )14. 一excellent work you have done! 一It's very kind of you to say so.A. WhatB. HowC. What anD. How an( )15. It's necessary for you the classroom clean, class.A. keepB. keepingC. to keep( )16. Do you think acceptable for a group of women to dance to loud music on the square near your house?A. itB. thatC. thisD. its( )17. 一It's very cold in Shenyang in winter. 一here.A. So is TianshuiB. So Tianshui isC. So Tiarishui doesD. So does Tianshui1-10 CBACCAAAAC 11-17 AAAACAA( )1. (·温州) —Do you know that the Terracotta Army in China is more than 2,000 years olds —Wow! !A. How large it isB. How modern it isC. What a long history it hasD. What a beautiful place it is ( )2. (·陕西) —Volunteers from Lantian Saving Team have saved many travelers in the mountains.—they are！A. How great a manB. How great menC. What a great manD. What great men( )3. ( ·西宁) Do you want to be healthy? . Smiling can help you stay healthy.A. SmileB. SmilingC. To smileD. Smiled( )4. (·长春) me an e-mail before you come to Hangzhou. I'll meet you at the airport.A. SendingB. To sendC. SendsD. Send( )5. (·龙东五市) The temperature in June is still low. Bad the weather is!A. WhatB. HowC. What a( )6. (·青海) —Shall we have a barbecue on the beach? —!A. What an interesting ideaB. What a private placeC. How sunny it is( )7. (·济南) —dressed now! We have to go in ten minutes. —OK, Mom.A. GettingB. GetC. To getD. Gets( )8. (·湘西) —run in the hallways, Mike. —Sorry, Ms. Clark.A Don't B. Please C. No( )9. (·昆明) —Have you watched the boat races this Dragon Boat Festival? —Yes. wonderful races!A. What anB. What aC. WhatD. How( )10. (·天水) —excellent woman Tu You you is! She has given the Chinese people a big surprise.A. What aB. What anC. How anD. How( )11. (·济南) —Making paper bottles? Wow, great idea!—Thank you. We may use less plastic in this way.A. howB. whatC. what anD. what a( ) 12.(·乌普木齐) —exciting news it is! Disneyland in Shanghai has opened to the public!—. We plan to go there this summer holiday.A. What an; So is itB. What; So it isC. How; So it isD. How; So is it( )13. (·云南)—exciting boat race it was! Many people watched it.A. What aB. What anC. HowD. How a( )14. (·淮安) —great fun Andrew has DIY in the art room with his classmates!A. What; doingB. What; doneC. How; doingD. How; done( )15. (·广东) Tommy, play basketball in the street next time. You may get hit by a car.A. doB. don'tC. mustD. mustn't( )16. (·攀枝花) —your umbrella, or you'll catch a cold on such a rainy day.A.TakeB. To takeC. TakingD. Takes(·铜仁)一Listen! Who is singing in the next room?一It must be Sally, I often hear her there,A. singingB. singsC. to singD. sing(·达州)一I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework . 一If you don't go, .A. to do; so do IB. to do; neither will IC. doing; so will ID. do; neither am I参考答案1～5：C、D、A、D、B 6～10：A、B、A、C、B11～16：D、B、B、A、B、A D B1 The dress fits me well, I don’t want to buy it because it’s too expensive. （2006南京）A. soB. andC. orD. but2. I my homework while my parents TV last night. （2006南京）A. did; have watchedB. was doing; were watchingC. had done; were watchingD. would do; were watching3. Ricky caught a bad cold yesterday, _________he had to stay at home．（2007南京）A．because B．but C．or D．so4 I don't know ________．（2007南京）A．where does he come from B．what is his name. C．how old he is D．when will he leave5. —Where is the comic book? —I brought it to you________ you were in the reading room yesterday. （2008南京）A. whenB. ifC. becauseD. before6. —Why did Miss Wang look so worried when we saw her? —Because she wondered________.（2008南京）A. where did the other students goB. when would the policeman comeC. what her students have done during the tripD. if her students had survived the earthquake7. ―Did Mrs. King leave a message?―Yes. She wanted to know this Sunday. （2009南京）A. who you would go shoppingB. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shoppingD. when will you go shopping with her8. scientists have done a lot of research on A( H1N1 ) flu, there are still some cases for further study. （2009南京）A. AsB. OnceC. IfD. Although9. --I don’t think your uncle really likes drama series. --No．__________ he still watches the programme. （2010南京）A．and B. so C. or D. but10. —Do you know _______ the girl in red is? —I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. （2010南京）A. whenB. howC. whereD. what11. Most children are interested in amazing things, and they wonder ______．（2011南京）A．when can they see UFOs B．how can elephants walk on tiptoeC．why do fish sleep with their eyes open D．why there is no plant life without lightning12. They will try their best in the Dragon Boat Racing ________ they may fail．（2011南京）A．if B．although C．unless D．until13. The English-Chinese dictionary __________ my father bought for me many years ago is so value. （2012南京）A. whoseB. whenC. whoD. that14. —Peter，is there anything else you want to know about China?—Yes，I am still wondering __________ . （2012南京）A. how is Chinese paper cut madeB. how was the Great Wall built in ancient timesC. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon danceD. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival15. ---Finish your homework __________ you can’t play computer games, Jim. ---All right, Mum. （2013南京）A. butB. tillC. andD. or16. ______ Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face.（2014南京）A. BecauseB. IfC. UntilD. Though17. – David, could you tell me _________? -- Every four years.（2014南京）A. when the 2014 World Cup will finishB. how often the World Cup takes placeC. how many teams take part in the World CupD. who may score the most goals in the World Cup8.18----I saw David in the teachers’ office this morning. D o you know ______ he was there?----He went there to hand in his homework.（2015南京）A. howB. whetherC. whenD. why19.You’d better travel around Nanjing with a local guide_______ you want to know more about its culture.（2015南京）A. unlessB. untilC. althoughD. if20. ---Are you going camping this afternoon?---A typhoon is coming. I’m not sure _____ the road to the mountains will be closed. (南京)A. whichB. whatC. whetherD. why21. –Did Alice tell you to get to the station? --Yes, she said we would meet there at ten. （2017南京）A. howB. whatC. whenD. where22. – Millie, do you take the course in DIY?-- Every Saturday afternoon. (2017南京)A. how longB. how farC. how muchD. how often23. Give me a dance, I’ll prove it to you. (2017南京)A. andB. tillC. thoughD. while24. Mexican and Tex-Mex foods were popular in the USA, now Chinese food has more fans. (南京)A. becauseB. butC. soD. unless25. Before you start reading, ask yourself you are reading this book. Most people read for two main reasons, pleasure or knowledge. (南京)A. whyB. whatC. whereD. whenAWILL THE WORLD AT 12：01 A M．on Jan.1，2019 be completely different from how it was at 11：59p．m on Dec 31，？Not really．But people make a big deal of flipping（翻动）over the calendar．Forexample，you make a New Year resolution，a promise to yourself that you' ll try to be better in the yearahead．Maybe that means being nicer to your family members，or reading news more often．Myresolution is to have a pet．My favourite pet is in the puzzle on the right．Try to find it．THE RULES1．You may only move across or down．2．Your path must spell out real words!（1）Sam Ehren wrote this passage on．A．Jan.1，2019 B．Jan.1，C．Dec.30，D．Dec.31，（2）What does the underlined word"resolution"mean in the passage？A．Promise．B．Entertainment．C．Humour．D．Secret．（3）From the puzzle，we can find the writer's favourite pet is a．A．mouse B．dog C．cat D．birdBMike Isaac and I are reporters of Student Daily．For the topics of our newspaper next month visited Sunshine Elementary School on May 10．We interviewed some students and here is what they said．（1）What did Mike Isaac and the writer visit Sunshine Elementary School for？A．For environment protection．B．For wildlife protection．C．For good manners in school．D．For topics of the newspaper．（2）What may cause people to be mad at one another in Andrew Vargas's opinion？A．Losing more oxygen．B．Speaking in a loud voice．C．Cutting down more trees．D．Hunting tigers for medicine．（3）Who talked about health？A．Joslyn Frace． B．Jayden Mitchell．C．Andrew V argas．D．Joseph Truong．CQ：At recess（课间休息），I don't know what to do because all my friends are playing games I don' like or don't want to play．So I end up standing by myself at recess doing nothing．What should I do？Alex rider．13．Bloomfield．N．J．A：In fact，recess was my least favorite partof the school day for Grades I to 5．I wasnever really into playing kickball．So，likeyou，I spent many days at recess standing alone．Take advantage of the extra time you have．I learned that reading a book is the best way to pass time，especially if it is sunny．Books are good for a lonely recess，because they A：Do you believe in time travel，Alex？Because you just dragged me 40 years into the past．When I was 13，half my friends threw themselves into kickball at recess﹣which was too vigorous（剧烈的）for me right after lunch．So，like you，I stood around a lot．Then，one day，my teacher，Susie，asked me．"What do you want to do？I had no answer for her．But suddenly，it came to me：？A．Alex Rider．B．Johnny Hayes．C．Susie．D．Philip Galanes．（2）One of Philips suggestions is to．A．read a book B．talk to a teacherC．do what you feel like doing D．stand without doing anything（3）Why do Johnny and Philip mention the kickball game at their schools？A．To show they shared similar experiences．B．To show they were good at the kickball game．C．To encourage Alex to make use of the new gameD．To encourage Alex to surprise himself with a new game．（4）Which part of a newspaper may this passage be taken from？A．Science Study．B．Art Style．C．Sports World．D．Teenage Problem．DScene 1（The setting is a room in the palace of the Queen of Sheba．The Queen sits at one end of the room on a chair．Zahrah stands on one side of the chair．Amram is showing some silks to the Queen．）Amram：Would your Majesty be good enough to feel this silk？See how fine and soft it is!（Amram comes a little closer to the Queen and holds out some purple silk，She feels it．）Queen：Yes，it is．And I like this bright purple color very much．（She turns to Zahrah）Zahrah，what do you think of it？Zahrah：I like it very much，and it is a good color for a queen，your Majesty．（She folds up the silk and puts it to one side．）Amram：The king of my own country，the wise King Solomon，likes this bright purple better than any other color．Queen：I have heard many things about your king．Amram：He is a good king，your Majesty，and a kind man．All his people love him．Queen：I have also heard that he is very wise．Is it true，Amram，that King Solomon understands what animals say？Amram：It is true，your Majesty．Queen（Smiles）：It's very hard to believe．Amram：If I told you what happened one time when I was with the king，I think you would believe it．Queen：I'd like to hear your story．Amram：Well，one day our king and some men of his palace were riding on horseback to a nearby city．The king was riding ahead of the rest of us．All at once he pulled his horse to stop．He looked down at the sand in the road．Queen：Go on．Amram：Then the king turned his horse off the road and onto the grass．He kept his horse on the grass a little way before turning back onto the road．Queen：Did he say why he stopped and then turned his horse off the road？Amram：King Solomon told us he had seen some ants hurrying along in the sand of the road．He said he had heard them say they were afraid that the horses would walk on them．Queen（Surprised）：And that was why your mighty king turned off the road？Amram（Proud）：Yes，your Majesty．The mighty King Solomon stopped to hear what the little ants in the sand were saying．He turned off the road to save them from being hurt．Queen：Then he must be as wise and as kind as people say he is．Amram：Now you can believe it，can't you？Queen：I won't fully believe it until I see and hear him myself，Amram．Amram：Then why don't you come to our country and pay him a visit，your Majest？Queen：Yes，I think I shall do that，Amram．But first I must think of a way to test this wise king．You may go now ，Amram．Amram：Good day，your Majesty．（He backs away）．（Curtain）（1）Where does this scene take place？A．On the way to a city．B．In a room of a palace．C．In the sand of a road．D．On the grass near a road．（2）Amram told the story of his king to show．A．King Solomon is wise and kind B．King Solomon is afraid of antsC．King Solomon looks after his horse well D．King Solomon can talk to animals（3）King Solomon turned his horse off the road because．A．there was sand in the way B．the horse needed to have a restC．he wanted to enjoy the beauty there D．he wanted to avoid hurting the ants（4）Which of the following words is used to help readers know the feeling of the Queen？A．Fine B．Surprised C．Proud D．Afraid（5）What may happen next according to Scene 1？A．Amram will refuse to leave the Queen's palace．B．Zahrah will certainly keep the purple silk for herself．C．King Solomon will test whether Amram's story is true．D．The Queen will pay a visit to King Solomon's country．Though times have changed，falling asleep in class is still a common occurrence（常事）among teenagers．Why do students sometimes fall asleep in class？An obvious reason is lack of sleep．However，there are also causes for getting too little sleep．Homework is a daily occurrence for most students，one that can take three to four hours per night．A teenager who wants to be able to take part in any activity besides homework must stay up late to fit everything in．Club activities，sports，computer﹣game playing，and TV viewing．for example，all contribute to （促成）teens having less time for both homework and sleep．Sometimes teens lack sleep because of after﹣school jobs that are taken on to earn extra money for college，family expenses，or simply for clothes．Physical problems are another factor that can cause students to fall alseeo in class．For example，inasomnia，which may keep a student up at night，causing exhaustion（疲惫不堪）during class hours，is a serious problem that may require medical attention．Medical evidence also supports the idea thateach person has a body clock that helps to decide his or her sleep pattern．Unluckily，these bodyclocks do not always work according to school timetables．The effects of falling asleep in class can be quite serious．First of all，sleeping in class is not a good way to endear（使受喜爱）yourself to teachers．In addition，it is highly possible that otherstudents may make jokes about those who sleep in class．However，the most harmful effect ofsleeping in class is missing out on important points．In the long run，sleepers may end up failingclasses．Since teens are probably not going to deal with the problem，falling asleep in class will probably remain an all﹣too﹣common occurrence．It will continue until more teens find a way to balance theirpersonal and social lives with school and work，while still finding enough time to sleep．。