Unit1 personality1.What are the reasons for shyness and the ways to overcome shyness?A: There are many factors that contribute to shyness. Some are due to low self-respect, lack of self-confidence, limited social activities, lack of education and so.B: I agree, but I think some are born shy. It’s a trait from the parents. I still remember when I was a little girl, I was extremely shy. I was brought up in the countryside, and there were not many activities for me to take part in.{/可替换/[When I was very young. I was very lonely, there were very few chances for me to meet different sorts ofpeople. I was very shy. I seldom talked to people. Even when I was spoken to, I was unwilling to respond.]}A: Though shyness has a biological basis, this doesn’t mean that it is not within our ability to change. Even those without an inborn tendency toward outgoing can learn to be outgoing too.B: Yes. Just as one without an inborn skill at art can learn to draw or paint well if he or she possesses the drive and puts forth the effort required to do so, shy people can learn to be outgoing too.A: The shy person didn’t choose to be shy, nor is his shyness necessarily a result of something he did or did not do during childhood or while growing up. Shyness is simply a natural reaction to unfamiliar situations.B: We should remember that nobody can be perfect, so there is no reason to feel discouraged if we have some shortcomings. Guilt and shame are destructive feelings. Don’t waste time energy on them.A: Recognize your personal strengths weaknesses. Everyone has both. As self-acceptance grows, shyness naturally diminishes. Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.B: Yes. We should know our strengths and place weight on our good aspects and try to live up to our full potential. Don’talways focus on our weaknesses, because we can improve and prefect ourselves.[Like Study hard and read widely to enrich our knowledge, try to make more friends, and encourage ourselves to involved in more activities in school. There are all good ways to overcome shyness.]A: Don’t take other people’s comments too seriously, but trust ourselves.2.What are the important factors in shaping one’s personality?A: Generally speaking, personality refers to all the person and more characteristics that determine the way a person thinks, feels and acts in his social and personal relations.B: Yes. Personality traits include a vast variety of attitudes and train such as shyness, patience, sadness, humor, selfishness, independence and aggressive and so on.A: It is difficult to know exactly how much of our personality is inherited and how much is determined by parental and peer group influences. Is there a gene for shyness or stubbornness?B: Most research tends to suggest that our basis personality is inherited but many factors shape our personality as we are growing up and mature.A: Are we born compassionate or do we acquire certain attitudes from our parents, our friends or other role models?B: Yes. I think some personality traits are inherited. I still remember when I was a little girl, I was extremely shy. I was brought up in the countryside, and there were not many activities for me to take part in.A: But if our personality were entirely a result of our genes, then it would be virtually impossible to change undesirable traits or to strengthen our weaknesses.So our personality traits are not entirely inherited, your friends and companion may have a great influence upon you. We often say “if you want to know a person, you can know the company he keeps.”B: I think we can change our personality traits if we possesses the drive and puts forth the effort required to do so. Recognizing one’s strengths and weaknesses in personality traits is an important step in the process of personal development.UNIT 3 social problems3. What sort of social problems do you think exist in China? What are the possible causes of the most serious social problems?①A: I think as societies changed and develop, many problems emerge. Change itself can be a social problem if it occurs too quickly.B：Many people can’t adapt themselves to the too quick change. This is sometimes called the problem of “future shock”.②【A:Overpopulation is one of our greatest social problems. And Our natural resources are limited. If the population has been growing without a severe control, we’ll soon suffer from famine and poverty.B: I can’t agree more. China has the largest population in the world. And more and more people have been pouring into urban areas where housing problem and problems concerning social order and security occur.】③【B: Pollution is one of our social problems.A:yeah,the rapid production of consumer goods creates excessive waste products, the disposal of the waste becomes more difficult, and the result is pollution.B: Yes. Factory wastes and emissions from factories or vehicles add to the problem.A:At the same time key resources such as oil and coal are rapidly depleted, and some of them cannot be renewed or hardly replaced.】④【A: Poverty exists in our country. Some people especially people in far and remote areas are still very poor.B:Yeah,They can hardly make both ends meet, and they lack bare necessity of life.A: Yes. Some young children are too poor to go to school.B：For example?A:From a very young age, like at the age of 8 or 9, they have to help their parents to do some farming to make living.】⑤【A:Education is one of the problems. It is very hard and cruel to make very young children like primary and middle school students study all day without rest and relaxation.B:Right, There seems to be endless homework for the young children to finish.A: Yes. We worked too hard and lack enough sleep at middle school. We had to get up very early and went to bed very late at night.B:Because as a student ,we could not fail in the higher entrance examination, which determined our fate.A:But compared with somg children,we are more fortunate.they are too poor to go to school.Because of family economic problem ,they even don’t have opportunities to study.B:Yeah,From a very young age, like at the age of 8 or 9, they have to help their parents to do some farming to make living.】B: Our country is still a developing country. Of course some social problems exist in our country. Let’s make joint efforts to solve the social problems and make greater contributions to our motherland.4. Dose the phenomenon of latchkey children has a good effect on children’s growth? Why?A: Nowadays mothers have been leaving the traditional role of full-time homemaker. Increasingly they have been taking salaried jobs outside the home.B: Latchkey children range in age from six to thirteen. On a daily basis they return from school and unlock the door to their home with the key hanging around the necks.A:Latchkey children are in their empty home feeling lonely and quiet. It is a frightening, lonely time. For safety’s sake, many parents forbid their children to go out to play or to have visitors at home.B: Such a problem usually would causes many negative consequences.A: For example?B: Dinnertime is at a later hour. And emotional impact can be significant. Mothers leave home early in the morning, feeling guilty because they will not be home with their children return from school. It is quite common for children to feel hurt and resentful because they are hopeless and isolated.A: I agree, but on the other hand, it has a good effect on children’s growth.B:why?What do you think?A:Being on their own for a few hours each day fosters or stimulates a sense of independence and responsibility. They feel loved and trusted, and this feeling encourages them to be self-confident. Latchkey girls, by observing how their mothers cope with demands of a family and a job, learn the role model of a working mother.B: Right. Some latchkey children use their unsupervised free time to perfect their athletic skills, such as playing basketball.Others read books or practice a music instrument. These children look upon their free time after school as an opportunity for personal development. It leads to positive, productive, and valuable experiences.A: Yes, but after all, they are lonely for several hours, and they will feel that their mothers should be there for them. They might need help with their homework or want to share the day’s activitiesB: All too often, the mothers arrive home tired out and prepare dinner at once. They are always in a hurry, have no time to engage in a relaxed conversation with the children.A: That’s right. Many latchkeys complain that too much responsibility is placed on them at such an early age. It is an overwhelming burden. They want very much to be protected, encouraged and cared for by their mothers.B: Yes, coming home to an empty house is really tchkey children feel abandoned by their mothers. They think most other children have normal families whose mothers are around them, but their own mothers are never at home.A: It is most important that the children be secure in the knowledge that they are loved. Feeling loved provides invaluable emotional strength to cope successfully with almost any difficulty that occurs in life.UNIT 4 Career planing5. Is it a must for college students to have a summer job? Why?A: I think it is a must for college students to have a summer job because doing a summer job can earn us much working experience. We have a long summer vacation that offers us a good opportunity to prepare for our future job.B: Yes. Summer vacation provides us with a golden time to contact the society. As far as my ideal job is concerned, I want to do the social job, for I like communicating and working with other people.And you?A: I think ,as a college student, my priority is working hard in my professional knowledge, and I’ll also learn as much knowledge in other fields as possible. Then in the future, I will be able to adapt to a variety of occupations besides professional occupation. Doing summer job is a waste of time.B: But working experience is very important. When we hunt for a job after graduating, most employers require that the candidate should have some working experience. We should make the most of time to prepare for our future career. Holidays offer us a good opportunity to get job experience.A: I don’t think so. The most important thing is studying hard. Knowledge is power. Only when we are better educated, can we have a chance to get a good job. Studying to prepare for the future can help us to cope with changes that you undergo.I want to study and relax I holidays.For our ideal career, there is no point in doing a part job in our holidays.B:OK,but if you have to choose a summer job ,what do you want to do more?A: I desire to help the poor, comforting them, understanding them, and helping them. In return, I’ll live happily more. So during the summer holidays, I will go into the society in person to get some social experience concerning that .what about you ?B:When I graduate from college in the future, I don’t want to go on a future education. I prepare to go to work directly. So I hope the summer job is related to my profession.And i don’t care the pay. Because at first what I need most is experience. Only in this way can I get a better occupation. In my holidays I will try to do apart time job relate to my major to get some working experience.6. How are you preparing for your future career in college?A: I like travel very much; I want to be a travel guide after graduation. In college I will read as many books on travel as possible to obtain enough knowledge of travel. In my spare time I will go on sports to keep fit for travel guide must be strong.How about you ?B: I want to be social work. To become a good social worker, I must make preparation in college. The most important thing is to study well, learn more knowledge about the poor, knowing how they are now and what they need most.A: To prepare myself well, I think I must gather more information about myself both in college and in society. It would be necessary for me to know my own strengths and weaknesses, to know what I am good at and what I’m not.B: Nobody can foresee what the future holds for any of us. There are social emotional and moral considerations in our future that can’t be foreseen. But the most important lesson of this is that progress comes from planning. So I think knowledge and practice is a good way for our future career..A: During the holidays, especially in the summer holidays, I will use the leisure time to travel to some sites of interests or be a travel guide free of charge. I will try my best to get the working experience to be a travel guide.B:For me , To be a good social worker, I should know how to contract people and how to get along well with people. To help others is not easy and to do well is even harder, but I will try my best to know all kinds of people and go all out to gain success in my ideal job.A: I think the most important thing is that I must have my goal to my career and work harder for it. After all, being successful without preparation or efforts is just a daydream. So in college I have to raise increasingly my quality to make my dream realized.B:yes, in college we should prepare well for the future to enter into the society. Library in college is very good for us to get as much useful information as possible. I will make full use of the library.Unit 5 language9. What are the ways people use to communicate with each other?A: As we all know, there are many ways people use to communicate with each other. A variety of language forms are widely used, such as body language, spoken language and written language. Eye contact is also a useful way.B: I can’t agree more. We use spoken language and body language most frequently, and we can also communicate by eye contact, music, gestures and so on.A: Yes, there are so many ways people could use to tell others what they think about. With the development of the tele-communications and technology, more and more communication tools are invented. And people can use letters, phones, and even computers to exchange their ideas with others.B: Usually we communicate with each other by speaking and writing every day. We speak to others to express ourselves and get messages from others from. Writing is another way. Every time and everywhere many messages are written in different ways such as the books, letters, computers, and advertisements. The communication between people depends on speaking and writing.A: Right. Language often refers to human speech, spoken or written. Language forms the basis of communication among all human beings. About 95 percent of world’s population speaks one of the 100 most widely used languages. Due to the British and American pop culture and their advances in science and technology, English has been a universal language. English and French both have more second-language speakers than native speakers.B: But in our lives, the disable can’t use all the communication ways. They may meet a lot of difficulties in communicating with others. Although it is difficult, they work hard and do their best to learn some special ways to communicate with others. As a normal person, we should help and understand them as much as possible, rather than look down upon them. A: Besides, there’re many other different ways people can use to express their inner thoughts, such as music, art and sports. For instance, the Olympic Games offer quite a good opportunity for people from different areas to communicate with each other.B: Yes, music is one of the ways people use to communicate with each other, conveying different kinds of emotions to the audience. Music is an international language. We can also know that a conductor is using his gestures to conduct the band. So his gestures serve as a non-verbal communication.A: Yes, the communication ways are diverse. When we speak, we always use body language at the same time. Just as you say, some disabled people have to use special ways to communicate.B: Nowadays, internet becomes a new and popular way to communicate with others. By internet, not only we can send and receive e-mail mutually and have a chat with our friends who stay far away from us but also buy what we want. It is quite convenient and cheap for us to keep us well-informed. So it will be more and more important in our daily life.10. Should learners aim to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation? Why?A: In my opinion, there is no point to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation. For it is very difficult and sometimes impossible to gain a native speaker pronunciation however hard we work because we are not native speakers and English is our second language.B: I agree, but I think it is important to aim to speak English for native-speaker pronunciation. language is only a tool for communication among human beings. If people we meet understand what we are saying, that is all that is necessary. We do not need to imitate native speaker pronunciation. In any case, there are many types of accents, so which one should we choose to imitate.Given the fact that we live in China, it seems a little bit pointless for us to try desperately hard to get rid of our national accent. If everybody tries to do so, the English language will be boring.A: That’s right. For others to understand,The most important thing is how well we organize what we want to express. Our ideas should be clear and easy to understand. To do so, we should be able to use right words and correct grammar and conform to English culture. So we should know both English language and English culture to make us understood.B: Yes. Each of us has our own style when we speak. If we can give free rein to personal style, the English speaking world will be more colorful and more interesting. In a word I prefer to speak with my characteristic and recognizable pronunciation, so long as listeners understand me.A: But English is now an international language and I want to be part of that community. If my pronunciation is like a native-speaker’s, I will blend into the community more naturally. And I will feel pleased if I am taken for a native-speaker. So I will try my best to speak with a native-speaker pronunciation. If we speak with a poor pronunciation, others will have difficulty in understanding us even misunderstand us. We will feel ashamed if our poor pronunciation causes any misunderstanding.B: Yes, but image how much time we will have to spend getting our pronunciation and accent exactly right as the native-speaker’s and perhaps we can spend our time better broadening our vocabulary and knowledge of English-speaking countries. Now that English is such an international language, we should accept a wider range of accents and learners should concentrate more on structure and vocabulary than accent.Unit 6 man and animals11. Do you agree that human beings are more aggressive than animals? WhyA: I think aggression is the instinct of all living creatures. Both human beings and animals will defend themselves if they are confronted with attack or danger.B: Man must be the most aggressive of all living creature. We may say a violent man is behaving like a beast, but, in fact, no beast behaves as violently as man.A: I can’t agree more. When an animal intrudes on the territory of another creature of the same species, the latter will only perform some hostile gestures to warn off the intruder but not to kill them.B: Yes. If a fight should happen, neither animal will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of giving in. Normally one animal will only kill another for food, and rarely dose an animal kill a member of its own species. A: But if an animal finds itself in abnormal conditions, it may show abnormal aggressiveness. A tiger injured by man will attack man fiercely. A caged lion will attack anyone if it is not well fed or cared of.。