Poorly -
differentiation
Anaplasia: Lack of differentiation of
malignant neoplastic cell, with obviously atypia.
Anaplastic tumor: composed of
undifferentiated cell.
Differentiation: Refer to the extent to
which neoplastic cells resemble comparable its originated normal cells, both morphologically and functionally.
Well differentiation
高分化管状腺癌
Section 2. Neoplastic Atypia
Atypia: Neoplastic tissue has various
extent of differences with its originated normal tissue, both cell morphologically and tissue architecturally.
Pleomorphism: obvious variation in size
and shape, obviously atypia
Anaplastic tumor
Pleomorphism
一. Atypia of tissue architecture
1. Refers to difference between neoplastic tissue and its originated normal tissue on arrangement of neoplastic tissue polarization, organ-like structure, the re is vary
(二) Histological structure
1. Parenchyma
① Major component of tumor :neoplastic cell ② Determine the biologic feature and specificity
2. Stroma:
Intestinal adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
Normal structure Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcnoma
二. Atypia of neoplastic cells
(一) Pleomorphism of neoplastic cells 1. Variation in size and shape 2. Generally larger than normal cells
2. Variation in size, color and shape: ① Size: Huge, two or more nuclei, bizarre nuclei,
large nucleoli are usually present.
② Color: The nuclei contain an abundance of
Beneficial
三. Morphology and structure (一) Macropathology
1. Number and Size : various 2. Shape : various 3. Color and texture: 4. Consistency : 5. Capsule: benign with intact capsule
NEOPLASIA
Section 1. Definition and morphology of tumor
一. Concept 1. Tumor (neoplasm):
under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the
① Made up of CT and BV →support the tumor ② Growth speed depend on the stroma blood supply ③ LC infiltration →immune reaction to tumor
Parenchyma Stroma
Non-neoplastic
Monoclonality
Polyclonality
Abnormal morphology Normal
and function
Abnormal differentiation Matured differentiation
Persistent
Limited
Harmful
controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive hyperplasia to form neoplasm
二. Distinguish between neoplastic and nonneoplastic hyperplasia
Neoplastic
→tumor giant cells
Atypia of neoplastic cells
(二) Peomorphism of nucleus
1. Increased nucleus:
The nuclear- to - cytoplasmic ratio may approach 1:1 instead of the normal 1:4 - 6.
Number and Size
Shape
Color and texture
Capsule
Consistency
ball
node
infiltration
cauliflower
ulceration
Cyst formation
Cystoadenomas (ovary)
number is vary