（不）可数名词及用some和any表示数量一、（不）可数名词英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下：1可数名词有单数、复数之分，如：map→maps；onion→onions；baker→bakers 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。
如：some water；a lot of bread 2单数可数名词表示泛指时，前面要用不定冠词a(an)；而不可数名词不能a(an)。
如：Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher. 李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。
We can’t see milk on the table. 我们看不见桌上有牛奶。
[友情提醒]在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the，如：Pass me the ball，please. 请把球传给我。
The chicken on the plate is yours. 盘子里的鸡肉是你的3可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。
如：many apples；a lot of tomatoes；a few pens不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。
如：much meat a little bread little water[友情提醒]这两类名词都可以被some、any、a lot of(lots of)等修饰。
如：some eggs/paper(纸)。
A lot of (lots of) knives/orange juice4可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。
如：three women ten babies不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即“数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”。
如：two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread 五片面包5可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。
不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。
如：There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。
All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。
[友情提醒]如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。
如：There are two bags of rice in the room. 房间里有两袋大米。
6对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。
如：I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall?There is a lot of pork in the basket. → How much pork is there in the basket?I want three glasses of water. → How many glasses of water do you want?7另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses(眼镜)等；有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。
如：The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。
The sports clothes are new. 这些运动服是新的。
I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 我有一只羊，他有两只羊。
练习1. I want to buy ________.A. two bottles of inkB. two bottle of inkC. two bottle of inksD. two bottles of inks2. They don’t have to do _______ today.A. much homeworkB. many homeworksC. many homeworkD. much homeworks3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.A. cows, sheepsB. cows, sheepC. cow, sheepD. cow, sheeps4. June 1 is _______.A. children’s dayB. children’s DayC. Children’s DayD. Children’s day5. ______ room is next to their parents’.A. Kate’s and Joan’sB. Kate’s and JoanC. Kate and Joan’sD. Kate and Joan6.Miss Green is a friend of _______.A. Mary’s mother’sB. Mary’s motherC. Mary mother’sD. mother’s of Mary7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.A. two breadsB. two pieces of breadsC. two pieces of breadD. two piece of bread9. Many ______ are singing over there.A. womanB. womenC. girlD. child10. He bought _______.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoesC. two pairs of shoeD. two pair of shoe11. Mr. White has three _______.A. childB. childrenC. childsD. childrens12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.A. sheep, cowsB. sheep, cowC. sheeps, cowD. sheeps, cows13. There are many ______ in the fridge.A. fishB. fruitC. eggsD. bread14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.A. Li MingB. Li Ming’sC. Li MingsD. Li Mings’15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.A. potatosB. some potatoesC. three tomatosD. some tomato16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.A. wishB. hopeC. wishesD. hopes17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.A. shopB. parkC. zooD. garden18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and LilyB. Lucy and Lily’sC. Lucy’s and LilyD. Lucy’s and Lily’s19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.A. two orangeB. two bottle of orangesC. two bottles of orangeD. two bottles of oranges20. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.A. house, glassB. house, glassesC. houses, glassD. houses, glasses二、some和any表示数量some意为“一些”、“几个”,通常用于肯定句中。
现将其主要用法归纳如下:1 some作形容词用时,可以修饰复数可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。
例如:There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有几个学生。
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2 some作代词用时,可在句中作主语或宾语。
例如:Some of the boys are playing games now. 有几个男孩现在正在做游戏。
I have no paper. Please give me some. 我没有纸了,请给我一些吧。
3 some有时也可以用在疑问句或条件句中,表示请求、建议,并期望得到对方的肯定回答。
它也可以用于反问句中。
例如:Can you give me some money? 你能给我一些钱吗?Would you like some more rice? 再来点米饭好吗?Why don’t you buy some flowers for her? 你为什么不给她买些花呢?If you want (some), I’l l give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就给你一些。
any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答语或疑问句中。
其具体用法如下:1 any作形容词用时,可以修饰可数名词的单数或复数,也可以修饰不可数名词。
例如:Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗?There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。
2 any作代词用时,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起强调作用。