虚拟语气与各种句型一、I wish句型中的虚拟语气I wish后面的宾语从句，表示不可能实现的愿望。
其动词形式有三种：1. 动词用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望。
2. 动词用过去完成式，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
3. 动词用would/should +动词原形，表示与将来事实很可能相反或不可能实现的愿望。
如：I wish I were a doctor.我希望我是一名医生。
I wish you hadn’t given him my telephone number.我真希望你没把我的电话号码给他。
I wish you’d come back before Christmas.我多么希望你在圣诞节之前回来。
[典型考例]How I wish every family_________a large house with a beautiful garden!(NMET02上海春)A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had二、If only句型中的虚拟语气If only引导的句子表示“但愿”，“要是……就好了”。
其用法和I wish 的句型基本相同，只是更具感情色彩。
在If only句型中，动词用过去式，表示一种意愿或假设；动词用过去完成式，表示希望出现和过去事实相反的情况；动词用would +动词原形，表示一时很难实现的愿望。
如：If only I had more time to think about it!但愿我有更多的时间去考虑它。
If only the explosion had not happened!爆炸要是没有发生就好了。
If only he had not eaten so much sugar!要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。
[典型考例1]If only he_________quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. (NMET2000上海)A. liesB. layC. had lainD. should lie[典型考例2] Look at the trouble I am in! If only I_________your advice. （NMET’03 上海）A. followedB. would followC. had followedD. should follow三、“It’s (high) time that…”句型中的虚拟语气“It’s time that...”句型表示“该是……的时候了”，谓语动词用一般过去式，有时为了强调，在time之前加high一词，表示“早该是……的时候了”。
如：It’s time somebody taught you how to behave yourself.该有人教你如何接人待物了。
It’s midnight; it’s (high) time we went bed.半夜了，我们该睡觉了。
It’s (high) time that we did something to stop pollution.到了我们采取行动制止污染的时候了。
四、would rather /sooner句型中的虚拟语气would rather/sooner句型表示“宁愿”，谓语动词用一般过去式表示尚未发生的动作；用过去完成时表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。
如：I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I would rather he hadn’t been so rude in the past.我但愿他不曾那么粗鲁。
五、so that / in order that...句型中的虚拟语气在so that / in order that...引导的目的状态从句中常用should/ might/could +动词原形表示虚拟语气。
如：She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear her.她大声说话为了能让每个人听到。
They went to the seaside in order that they could enjoy their vacation together.他们去了海边为了能享受一起度假的乐趣。
六、as if / though 句型中的虚拟语气在as if/though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式表示和现在事实相反或有所怀疑；用过去完成式表示对过去事实的假设。
但是，如是表示的情况是真实的或实现的可能性很大时，句中的谓语动词用陈述语气。
如： He is running about as if he were mad.他跑来跑去像疯了似的。
He appeared as if he had known nothing about it.他看上去似乎对此一无所知。
It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
He talks as if he is drunk.他说起话来好像醉了。
[典型考例]When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_________.(NMET95)A. breaksB. has brokenC. were brokenD. had been broken七、in case/for fear句型中的虚拟语气in case表示“以防万一”，for fear表示“唯恐，免得”，由它们引出的句型中，通常用“should +动词原形”构成。
如:Take some money with you in case you should need it.随身带点钱，以防万一。
He put his overcoat over him for fear （that） he should catch cold.他披上大衣，怕感冒。
He is working hard for fear （that） he should fall behind.他努力工作生怕落在人后。
八、but that句型中的虚拟语气but that表示“要不是……”，由would/should+动词原形构成谓语。
如：But that he saw it (If he hadn’t seen it ), he wouldn’t have believed it.要不是亲眼所见，他真不敢相信。
But that he helps (If he didn’t help), I should fail.要不是他帮忙，我肯定不及格。
九、错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致，遇到这种情况，就要根据不同的时间概念，适当调整主句和从句的动词。
如：If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.如果我们早点动身，现在就不会在雨中行走了。
If I were you, I w ouldn’t have watched TV last night.假如我是你的话，我昨晚就不会看电视了。
If the doctor hadn’t come, the patient would be dead by now.要是大夫不来的话，病人现在就会死了。
[典型考例] It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_________in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my home-town (NMET02上海)A. wouldn’t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall十、“If it were not for...”句型中的虚拟语气“If it were not for...”句型意为“如果没有……”，“要不是”，用“should/would +动词原形”表示同现在事实相反的虚拟语气；“If it had not been for...”句型意为“如果当时没有……”，谓语动词用“would +完成式”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
如：If it were not for the rain, the crops should / would die.如果没有雨，庄稼就会死了。
If it had not been for your timely help， I would have failed.如果当时没有你及时的帮助，我会失败的。
十一、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气在英语虚拟语气中，有时表示假设的虚拟条件不一定都有明显的虚拟条件从句，而是利用某些词、短语或通过上下文表现出来。
常用的词或短语有：with, without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。
如：Without air, there would be no living things.没有空气便没有生物。
But for their help，we couldn’t get over the difficulties.要是没有他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。
He is not a careful driver, otherwise he wouldn’t have had that accident.他不是个细心的司机，不然的话他不会出那个事故。
He would have given you more help, but he was so busy.他本会给你更多的帮助，但是他那时太忙了。
[典型考例1] Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Other-wise， she_________something she would regret later. （NMET96上海）A. had saidB. saidC. might sayD. might have said[典型考例2] Without the air to hold some of the sun’s he at, the earth at night_________, too cold for us to live.（NMET97 上海）A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly十二、独立主格结构中的虚拟语气在独立主格结构中也经常用虚拟语气，表示一种遗憾。