研途宝考研/北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号：618 试题名称：基础英语（共 10 页）适用专业：外国语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效;请用蓝色或黑色钢笔或签字笔答题。

=============================================================================================================Part Ⅰ Vocabulary (30 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Section ADirections:There are fifteen incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. Whatever the causes, English is more widely spoken and written than any other language_____________.A. ever wasB. had ever beenC. has ever beenD. would ever be2. He has _____________ strange hobbies like collecting bottle tops and inventing secret codes.A. gone onB. gone in forC. gone withD. gone through with3. The captured criminals were _____________ in chains through the streets.A. exhibitedB. displayedC. paradedD. revealed4. The ceremony will _____________ as soon as the minister arrives.A. commenceB. completeC. disperseD. descend5. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _____________ heavy schedules.A. owing toB. as toC. in relation toD. with regard to6. The old building is in a good state of _____________ except for the wooden floors.A. preservationB. observationC. conservationD. compensation7. The city has decided to _____________ smoking.A. do away withB. take awayC. get away withD. put away8. _____________ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A. NoneB. BothC. MostD. Neither9. Louis was asked to _____________ the man who stole her purse.A. confirmB. recognizeC. claimD. identify10. The bus that_____________ outside the inn would soon take the visitors downtown.A. held backB. pulled upC. set forthD. got down研途宝考研/11. Last year, these ships transported a total of 83.34 million tons of cargo, a 4 percent increase_____________ the previous year.A. overB. beyondC. thanD. up12. My son doesn’t know what to _____________at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.A. take upB. take overC. take inD. take after13.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary_____________ it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.A. at thatB. by thatC. in thatD. on that14. I regret_____________the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. have left15. How I wish John recognized the fact that he _____________ in the wrong.A. is always nearlyB. always is nearlyC. is nearly alwaysD. nearly is alwaysSection BDirections:There are ten sentences in this section with one word or phrase underlined in each sentence. From the four choices given, choose one that best explains or defines the underlined part in each sentence.16.Most Americans were unaware of the advent of the Nuclear Age until the news of Hiroshima reached them.A. arrivalB. agitationC. illusionD. rampancy17. We were surprised by the unanimity with which our proposals were accepted by different groups.A. sympathyB. hostilityC. resistanceD. complete agreement18.We must learn to meet adversity gracefully.A. misfortuneB. discrepancyC. calamityD. despotism19.A shred investor, he took clever advantage of the fluctuation of the stock market.A. bad-temperedB. illicitC. competentD. adaptable20.The criminal’s fatal blunder led to his capture.A.weaknessB. errorC. tabooD. instinct21. I am afraid that my parents will reprimand me when I show them my report card.A. discourageB. reproveC. humiliateD. misunderstand22. He had worked in the hospital for so many years that he was callous to the suffering in the wards.A.sympatheticB. obligingC. heartlessD. sensitive23. Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profusion as at the wedding feast.vishnessB. inadequacyC. diversityD. extravagance24. The deft waiter uncorked the champagne without spilling a drop.A.adeptB. handsomeC. impressiveD. awkward25.I don’t know whether it is better to be ignorant of a subject or to have a mere smattering of研途宝考研/information about it.A.ignoranceB. slight knowledgeC. appreciationD. evaluationSection CDirections:Each of the following five sentences below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are four lettered sets of words. Choose the set of words for the blanks that best fit the meaning of the sentence.26.Although some of her fellow scientists________ the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results: at once pioneering and ________.A. ignored… untrustworthyB. complimented… fo reseeableC. welcomed… mundaneD. decried... unexceptionable27.Although Harry, Stack Sullivan is one of the most influential social scientists of this century, his ideas are now so ________ in our society that they seem almost ________.A. novel… antiquatedB. revolutionary… fundamentalC. commonplace ... banalD. disputed...esoteric28. Her first concert appearance was disappointingly perfunctory and derivative, rather than the________ performance in the ________style we had anticipated.A. talented… tenuousB. prosaic...classicC. artistic... mechanicalD. inspired… innovative29.Their mutual teasing seemed________, but in fact it ________a long-standing hostility.A. aimless...producedB. friendly...maskedC. playful...contravenedD. bitter...revealed30. Having sufficient income of her own constituted for Alice________independence that made possible a degree of________ in her emotional life as well.A. a material… securityB. a profound... conformityC. a financial... economyD. a psychological... extravagancePart ⅡProofreading and error correction (20 minutes, 20 points, 2 points each) Directions: The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧”sign andwrite the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the wordin the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, 1. an研途宝考研/it never buys things in finished form and hangs 2. neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. 3. exhibitWhen you start talking about good and bad manners, youimmediately start meeting difficulties. Many people just cannotagree what they mean. We asked a lady, who replied that shethought you could tell a well-mannered person on the 1 ______way they occupied the space around them. For example, when such aperson walks down a street, he or she is constantly unaware of others. 2 ______ Such people never bump into other people. However, a secondperson thought that this was more a question of civilizedbehavior as good manners. Instead, this other person told us a story, 3 ______it he said was quite well-known, about an American who had been invited 4 ______to an Arab meal at one of the countries of the Middle East. The American 5______ hasn’t been told very much about the kind of food he might expect. If he had 6 ______ known about American food, he might have behaved better. 7______ Immediately before him was a very flat piece of bread thatlooked, to him, very much as a napkin. Picking it up, he put it into his collar, 8 _____so that it falls across his shirt. His Arab host, who had been watching, said 9 _____of nothing, but immediately copied the action of his guest 10 _____And that, said this second person, was a fine example of good manners．Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 40 points, 2 points each)Directions:There are four passages in this part. Read each passage carefully and answer the questions following each passage as you are required.Passage OneIn the developed countries, the dominant factor in the next society will be something to which most people are only just beginning to pay attention: the rapid growth in the older population and the rapid shrinking of the younger generation. Politicians everywhere still promise to save the existing pension system, but they—and their constituents—know perfectly well that in another 25 years people will have to keep working until their mid-70s, health permitting.What has not yet sunk in is that a growing number of older people—say those over 50—will not keep on working as traditional full-time nine-to-five employees, but will participate in the labor force in many new and different ways: as temporaries, as part-timers, as consultants, on special assignments and so on. What used to be personnel and are now known as human resources departments still assume that those who work for an organization are full-time employees. Employment laws and regulations are based on the same assumption. Within 20 or 25 years, however, perhaps as many as half the people who work for an organization will not be研途宝考研/employed by it, certainly not on a full-time basis. This will be especially true for older people. New ways of working with people at arm’s length will increasingly become the central managerial issue of employing organizations, and not just of businesses.The shrinking of the younger population will cause an even greater upheaval, if only because nothing like this has happened since the dying centuries of the Roman Empire. In every single developed country, but also in China and Brazil, the birth rate is now well below the replacement rate of 2.2 live births per woman of reproductive age. Politically, this means that immigration will become an important—and highly divisive—issue in all rich countries. It will cut across all traditional political alignments. Economically, the decline in the young population will change markets in fundamental ways. Growth in family formation has been the driving force of all domestic markets in the developed world, but the rate of family formation is certain to fall steadily unless bolstered by large-scale immigration of younger people. The homogeneous mass market that emerged in all rich countries after the Second World War has been youth-determined from the start. It will now become middle-age-determined, or perhaps more likely it will split into two: a middle-age-determined mass market and a much smaller youth-determined one. And because the supply of young people will shrink, creating new employment patterns to attract and hold the growing number of older people (especially older educated people) will become increasingly important.1. The passage is mainly about______.A. theinfluence of aging problemB. the shrinking of younger populationC. thechanging of working styleD. thechange of consuming pattern2. From the passage, we learn people will have to keep working until their mid-70s because of ______.A. overallimprovement of people’s health conditionB. old people’s high qualificationC. the lack of young employeeD. the great need for more employees by new economy3. According to the author, what is TRUE about the situation in 20 or 25 years?A. There will be stricter laws and regulations on employment.B. There will be fewer people who take full-time jobs.C. There will be more olderemployees.D. There will be more people who work at home and far from each other.4. What does the word “upheaval” (Para.3, Line 1) most probably mean?A. greatachievementB. illinfluenceC. goodeffectD. great change5. Theinfluence that the reduction of young people has on economy may include the following BUT______.研途宝考研/A. the appearing of mass market centering the youngB. the shift of the market center from the young to the middle-agedC. the shrinking of the population who gets to form familyD. thetendency for the market to split into two onesPassage TwoIn general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that on e is as good as or better than one’ s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities — those of love and of reason— are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.6. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the idea that man is______.A. a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligibleB. working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC. an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, though functioning smoothlyD. a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly研途宝考研/7 . The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that______.A. they are likely to lose their jobsB. they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC. they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD. they are afraid of competition8. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those______.A. who are at the bottom of the societyB. who are higher up in their social statusC. who prove better than their fellow-competitorsD. who could keep far away from this competitive world9. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should______.A. resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB. offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC. enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD. take the fundamental realities for granted10. The author’s atti tude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of______.A. approvalB. disapprovalC. suspicionD. tolerancePassage ThreeThe next society will be a knowledge society. Knowledge will be its key resource, and knowledge workers will be the dominant group in its workforce. Its three main characteristics will be:Borderlessness, because knowledge travels even more effortlessly than money.Upward mobility, available to everyone through easily acquired formal education.The potential for failure as well as success.Anyone can acquire the “means of production”, i.e., the knowledge required for the job, but not everyone can win.Together, those three characteristics will make the knowledge society a highly competitive one, for organizations and individuals alike. Information technology, although only one of many new features of the next society, is already having one hugely important effect: it is allowing knowledge to spread near-instantly, and making it accessible to everyone. Given the ease and speed at which information travels, every institution in the knowledge society—not only businesses, but also schools, universities, hospitals and increasingly government agencies too—has to be globally competitive, even though most organizations will continue to be local in their activities and in their markets. This is because the Internet will keep customers everywhere informed on what is available anywhere in the world, and at what price.This new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers. At present, this term is widely used to describe people with considerable theoretical knowledge and learning: doctors, lawyers, teachers, accountants, and chemical engineers. But the most striking growth will be in “knowledge technologists”: computer technicians, software designers, analysts in clinical labs, manufacturing technologists, and paralegals. These people are as much manual workers as they研途宝考研/are knowledge workers; in fact, they usually spend far more time working with their hands than with their brains. But their manual work is based on a substantial amount of theoretical knowledge which can be acquired only through formal education, not through an apprenticeship. They are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers, but they see themselves as “professionals”. Just as unskilled manual workers in manufacturing were the dominant social and political force in the 20th century, knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social—and perhaps also political—force over the next decades.11. According to the author, knowledge can be defined as______.A.understanding of the outside worldB.productive resourcesC.experiences acquired in the course of productionD.something for entertainment12. Among the following, which does NOT contribute to the competitiveness of the new society?A.a vaguer borderlineB.great flexibilityC.high risk of failure and successD.more high-qualified workers13. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Internet?A. It will speed up the spreading of knowledge.B. It will bring great convenience to customers in buying something.C. It will enhance global competition.D. It will push companies to expand their activities abroad.14. It can be learnt that the most striking difference between present knowledge workers and future knowledge workers is that______.A.the latter tends to combine theoretical knowledge with manual skillsB.the former tends to be more professionalC.the latter tends to spend more time at work than at schoolD.the former tends to accept more school education than the latter15. It can be inferred that the future knowledge workers view themselves as professionalsbecause ______.A.they can make more money than manual workersB.they are free from manual workC.they are better-educatedD.they are more highly-respectedPassage FourAs a manager in the service industry sector, I’ve looked at hundreds of CVs in my time. They are not necessarily the bland documents some bosses might think they are! They are full of little pointers towards individuals’ personalities and suitability for t he job. The first thing I always look at is an applicant’s employment record. I check for continuity and stability. If somebody has a long研途宝考研/list of previous jobs, all of varying length, alarm bells start ringing. Rather than an irregular route from job to job, what I hope to see is stable career progression. What does their career path look like – is it all steps forward, or are there a lot of sideway moves? And I am always pleased to find a family person with children, because in my experience they tend to be responsible and reliable.I never rely on CVs alone. We get applicants to fill in one of our own application forms. We ask why they’ve applied, what their aspirations and personal goals are, and also about their interests and hobbies and any clubs they belong to. That gives you a useful insight into their personality and lifestyle. The application form also enables us to test how much people have actually been progressing in their careers, because we ask for details of the salaries they have received for each job.It’s always worth looking at CVs and designing application forms with great care. Taking on employees might be rewarding, but it is also a big investment for any business. Mistakes in choosing staff can cost companies dear, so it makes sense to spend time ensuring you get the right person.In the service sector, one of the aims of companies is to maintain and improve customer service, and this is achieved partly through low staff turnover. You need to take on people who understand that, and will want to stay. That’s why, when you’ve taken staff on, the next thing is getting the best out of them.My management style comes from the days when I took over my first business, an ailing road haulage firm which I was certain I could turn into a profitable company. The first thing is to treat others as you’d like to be treated yourself. As soon as I took over the business, I talked to everybody individually, and looked for ways to make sure their particular skills benefited the company.I didn’t have much e xperience then of managing people, but above all I always tried to be fair and honest with everyone. As a result, I think the staff knew that and accepted my decisions, even if they didn’t agree with them all. Also, bosses must be able to communicate. You also need to create team spirit, and build on the strength of the team. I explained my plans for the company to all the staff, and let them know what I needed from them. The lorry drivers responded brilliantly; and they were the key to mining the business round. They understood that we had to develop a professional reputation, and from then on the days of poor quality deliveries were over.Lastly, I am a great believer in profit-sharing. It takes a team to make a company work, so profits should be shared by all. Job satisfaction is important, but it doesn’t pay the rent. Shared profit and bonuses help to strengthen team spirit by giving everyone a common goal that they work towards together.16. What the writer hopes to learn from applicants’ CVs is______.A.whether they have the experience of many different jobsB. whether their careers have developed steadilyC.what opinions their employers had of themD. whether they have enough hobbies17. The writer says the application form is useful because it______.研途宝考研/A.reveals something of the applicant’s characterB.gives information about the applicant’s familyC.explains what skills the applicant has for the jobD.shows how much the applicant wants to earn18. According to the writer, why are CVs and application forms so important?A. Because interviewing people is an expensive process.B. Because they indicate whether applicants really want the job.C. Because they indicate whether applicants are efficient or not.D. Because employing the wrong people can be disastrous.4. One reason why the writer was successful in her first business was that______.A.shewas used to dealing with peopleB.she was open with the staffC.the business was already doing well when she startedD.the staff agreed with all her decisions20. The writer believes profit-sharing is a good idea because______.A.it stimulates competitionB.it brings about fairnessC.it encourages team spiritD.it creates job satisfactionPart ⅣTranslation (40 minutes, 30 points, 15 points each)Directions:There are two passages here. Please translate the first one into Chinese and the underlined part in the second one into English.[1]We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity. We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations. Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impactof raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms. The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult. But America cannot resist this transition; we must lead it. We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries –we must claim it its promise. That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways; our croplands and snowcapped peaks. That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God. That’s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.[2] 联合国是反映国际风雨变幻的一面镜子。