四、曝气池1.设计条件曝气池采用平均日流量作为设计基准，并配合检验尖峰小时流量时情形。

依平均日质量平衡计算结果，初沉池出流水性质：Q =24,459CMDTSS =2,069Kg/d =84.6mg/LBOD5 =3,530Kg/d =144.3mg/LTP =183.8Kg/d =7.5mg/L依尖峰小时质量平衡计算结果，初沉池出流水性质：Q =48,763CMDTSS =4,138Kg/d =84.9mg/LBOD5 =7,062Kg/d =144.8mg/LTP =367.6Kg/d =7.5mg/L二沉池设计面积：二沉池面积　＝1,257m2 =13,526ft22.计算结果摘要回流污泥(RAS)Q = 3.95MGD =14,962CMD废弃污泥(WAS)Q =287.5CMD =0.076MGDTSS =2,300Kg/dBOD5 =2,002Kg/d反应槽出流水Q =38,581CMDTSS =3,107mg/L二沉池出流水Q =23,331CMD = 6.16MGDTSS =20.0mg/L总非溶解性 BOD5 ＝ 6.7mg/L溶解性 BOD5 ＝ 1.8mg/L总磷 ＝0.5mg/L3.设计生物反应槽(1)原进流水水质特性基本假设(参考"Theory, Design and Operation of Nutrient Removal-Activated Sludge Process"一书)A.污染负荷平均日流量时：流量，Qin，MGD＝24,459CMD BOD5 ，lb/d＝144.3mg/L 总悬浮固体物，TSS，lb/d＝84.6mg/L 总凯氏氮，TKN，lb/d＝40.0mg/L 总磷，TP，lb/d＝7.5mg/L 碱度，lb/d as CaCO3＝200.0mg/L 硫化氢，lb/d＝ 1.0mg/L 尖峰小时流量时：流量，Qin，MGD＝48,763CMD BOD5 ，lb/day＝144.8mg/L 总悬浮固体物，TSS，lb/d＝84.9mg/L 总凯氏氮，TKN，lb/d＝40.0mg/L 总磷，TP，lb/d＝7.5mg/L 碱度，lb/d as CaCO3＝200.0mg/L 硫化氢，lb/d＝ 1.0mg/LB.进流水质特性总 BOD/BOD5, R1 =难分解性总凯氏氮(%), TKN1 =难分解溶解性COD(%), COD1 =总悬浮固体物(TSS)挥发性固体物(VSS) (%), VSS1难分解之挥发性固体物(%), VSS2Volatile content of nonbiodegradable VSS (%), VSS3COD/VSS , R2VSS之氮含量 (%,N/VSS), N1VSSVSS之磷含量 (%,P/VSS), P1VSSCOD/BOD之估计值, R3 2.21溶解性 BOD5/总 BOD5之估计值 (%), R475初沉池中各污染物去除率：TSS 去除率 (%),R TSSBOD5,RBOD = RTSSx进流水TSS/进流水BOD5xVSS1x(1-VSS2)xR2/R1 =总凯氏氮,RTKN = RTSS x 进流水 TSS/ 进流水TKN x VSS1 x N1VSS =总磷,RTP = RTSS x 进流水 TSS/ 进流水TP x VSS1 x P1VSS =(2)曝气池中之生化反应机制常数及水质特性A.喜气槽μmax 20 =-1，Φ forμmax 20 =μmax T =-1Ks =Y g =5Kd 20 =-1，Φ for Kd 20 =Kd T =-1挥发性TSS (%),VSS4 =难分解性VSS (%), VSS5 =VSS之氧当量数 (mg COD/mg VSS) , CODVSS =VSS中之氮含量 (%, N/VSS) N2VSS =BOD5/总磷 (mg BOD5/mg TP-P), R5 =B.硝化槽μmax T =0.28day-1Kn =K DO =Yn =3Kdn T =-1挥发性TSS (%), VSS6 =VSS中之氮含量 (%, N/VSS), N3VSS　＝VSS中之磷含量 (%, P/VSS), P3VSS　＝硝化菌之 MCRT ,MCRT N　＝ 4.3dayC.硝化作用单位需氧量(mg O2/mg NO3 generated) =碱度消耗量(mg as CaCO3/mg NO3) =D.脱硝作用单位需氧量 (mg O2/mg NO3 denitrified) =碱度产生量 (mg as CaCO3/mg NO3) =E.硫化氢氧化作用单位需氧量 (lb O2/lb H2S) =(3)操作参数 由于设计一VIP生物处理法所须考虑之设计参数相当多，除一般活性污泥法所常采用之MLSS、F/M及HRT外，尚考虑硝化液回流率(NRCY)，厌气池回流率(ARCY)，回流污泥(RAS)等，西图公司以多年发展VIP系统之经验，建议各参数之设计准则如下：A.基本设计条件假设水中溶氧 =细胞停留时间(MCRT) = pH =水温 =MLSS =好氧槽脱硝率ANR =废弃污泥浓度NRCY =B.反应槽体积计算依前述设计准则，假设好氧槽之HRT = 6.0hours缺氧槽之HRT = 1.0hours厌氧槽之HRT = 1.0hours则可得好氧槽总体积 (AER Vol)＝Qin x TAER ＝ 6.46MGD x 6.0hours＝ 1.62MG 缺氧槽总体积 (ANX Vol)＝Qin x TANX ＝ 6.46MGD x 1.0hours＝0.27MG 厌氧槽总体积 (ANA Vol)＝Qin x TANA ＝ 6.46MGD x 1.0hours＝0.27MG已知初沉池出流水 =24,459CMDRAS =(Q in x MLSS - Q 2nd x BOD out - Q was x WAS) / (WAS - MLSS)= 3.73MGD =14,122CMD总进流量　＝24,459CMD +14,122CMD ＝10.19MGD 选择反应槽池数 =选择反应槽水深 =已知各槽体之体积如下:总体积 (TOT Vol) ＝ 2.15MG =8,153m 3好氧槽总体积 (AER Vol) ＝ 1.62MG =6,115m 3厌氧槽总体积 (ANA Vol) ＝0.27MG =1,019m 3缺氧槽总体积 (ANX Vol) ＝MG =1,019m 3选择四个反应槽总宽度　＝m 每一反应槽宽度 =m /4=8.0 选择反应槽的渠道数 =每一渠道宽度 =8.0 m /1=8.0每一反应槽之好氧槽长度 =＝6,115m 3/ 6.0m /8.0m /4＝31.8m 选择好氧槽之长度　＝m好氧槽每一分区长度＝28.0/4=7.0缺氧槽及厌氧槽长度＝1,019.1m 3 /6.0m /4.0m /12＝ 3.5m选择厌氧槽或缺氧槽之长度为m每一反应槽总长度 =＝28.0m + 3.5m + 3.5m + 3.5＝38.5m每一渠道长度 =38.5m /1=38.5m厌氧槽总体积 (ANA Vol)＝ 3.50m x 4.00m x 6.00m x12＝1,008m3 =0.27MG缺氧槽总体积 (ANX Vol)＝ 3.50m x 4.00m x 6.00m x12＝1,008m3 =0.27MG好氧槽总体积 (AER Vol)＝7.00m x8.00m x 6.00m x16＝5,376m3 = 1.42MG反应槽总体积 (TOT Vol)＝7,392m3 = 1.95MGCheck :厌氧槽之HRT　＝ANA Vol/ Q in =0.99hours缺氧槽之HRT　＝ANX Vol/ Q in =0.99hours好氧槽之HRT　＝AER Vol/ Q in = 5.27hours反应槽之总 HRT =7.25hoursMLSS = (Total TSS x MCRT)/(8.34 x Total Vol)=3,107mg/L(其中Total TSS系指废弃污泥中之TSS量，请见4.固体物产量)F/M = BOD Loading/ (TOT Vol x MLSS ) =0.11缺氧槽之 F/M =0.81day-1好氧槽之 MCRT AER = (AER Vol/TOT Vol) x MCRT =7.27C.脱氮计算 脱氮速率常数 (Specific Denitrification Rate, SDRN) 系指单位时间之单位MLSS所能去除之氮量，其计算式为：SDNR20 = 0.03 x F/M + 0.029 (在 20o C下)SDNR T = SDNR20 x 1.06 (T-20)因此本反应槽之SDNR15 = 1.87mg/g/hrNOX-N (mg/L)浓度计算:无脱硝反应时DNo＝(1+MCRT x Kdn T) x nitrifier TSS/(Qin x 8.34 x Yn) =20.2 (其中 Nitrifier TSS 系指废弃污泥中由硝化反应产生之TSS量,请见(4)固体物产量)考虑好氧槽脱硝反应时DN1＝(1- ANR) x DN o =18.2考虑缺氧槽脱硝反应时＝DN1 - SDNR x ANX HRT x MLSS / 1000 =12.4考虑回流NRCY时＝DN1 /(1+ RAS/Qin + NRCY/100) =8.3D.回流污泥量计算已知假设回流污泥浓度 =mg/LRAS =(Q in x MLSS - Q2nd x BOD out - Q was= 3.95MGD =14,962CMDArea =13,5262SOR =477.7CMD/m2RAS Cap = =19.4SLR =12.4lb/sf-day= 2.52Kg/m2-hr(4)固体物产量，SOLIDS PRODUCTION (lb/d)A.初沉污泥，Primary SludgeTSS = 进流水TSS x RTSS=6,834lb/d =3,107Kg/dVSS = 进流水TSS x RTSS x VSS1=5,126lb/d =2,330Kg/d生物可分解性VSS = 进流水TSS x RTSS x VSS1 x (1-VSS2)=3,075lb/d =1,398Kg/dB.废弃污泥，Waste Activated Sludge (WAS)(a)进流之难分解固体物VSSA= 进流水 TSS x (1-RTSS) x VSS1 x VSS2=1,367lb/d =621.3Kg/dTSS = 进流水 TSS x(1-RTSS)x(1-VSS1/VSS3x(1-VSS2))=2,278lb/d =1,036Kg/d(b)好氧槽之固体物活性TSS = 进流水 BOD5 x (1-RBOD)-Qin x BODeff x 8.34) xYg /(MCRT + (1/MCRT+KdT)=1,849lb/d =840.4Kg/d非活性TSS = 活性TSS x Kd T x VSS5 x MCRT ==823.5lb/d =374.3Kg/d(c)硝化槽TSS = Yn x (1- N3VSS x VSS6) x ( 进流水TKN x (1-RTKN)-VSSA x N1VSS - 好氧槽固体物 x VSS4 x N2VSS - Qin x NH3eff x 8.34 -TKN x TKN1) / (MCRT x (1/MCRT+Kdn T))=108.8lb/d =49.4Kg/d总固体物，Total TSS =5,059lb/d =2,300Kg/d净污泥产生率 = Total TSS / (进流BOD5x(1- RBOD))＝0.91lb TSS/lb BOD5 Applied总 BOD5 = 总固体物 / 净污泥产生率＝5,578lb/d =2,535Kg/d废弃污泥所含BOD5 =＝总固体物 x 0.9 x 1.42 x 0.68 + 液体中所含 BOD5＝1,999Kg/d + 2.5Kg/d＝2,002Kg/d挥发性固体物比率 =＝(VSSA+好氧槽固体物xVSS4+硝化槽TSSxVSS6)/ (Total TSS)＝76.5%活性TSS比率 = 活性TSS / Total TSS =36.5%硝化槽污泥比率 = 硝化槽 TSS / Total TSS = 2.2% N-Content = (VSSA x N1VSS+好氧槽固体物 x N2VSS x VSS4+硝化槽TSS x VSS6 x N3VSS) / (硝化槽挥发性固体物比率 x Total TSS)＝10.6%，N/VSSP-Content = ( 进流水TP x(1-RTP)- Qin x 出流水之TP) /(硝化槽挥发性固体物比率 x Total TSS)＝8.6%，P/VSS(5)出流水水质预估水质项目平均日流量尖峰时流量BOD5 (mg/L)难分解性 6.77.6溶解性 1.8 2.7TSS (mg/L)，假设值20.020.0 TKN-N (mg/L) 4.013.1 NH3-N (mg/L)0.89.9NO X-N (mg/L)12.47.9TN (mg/L)16.421.0 Total-P (mg/L)0.50.5 Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO3)82.6123.2 Note: Residual Alkalinity Less Than 50 mg/L as CaCO3 Indicate Need for Supplemental Alkalinity.附注 :BOD eff=出流水之溶解性BOD=Ks x (1/MCRT+Kd T)/(μmaxT-1/MCRT-Kd T)=＝ 1.8mg/LNH3eff = 出流水之NH3=Knx(1/MCRT AER+Kdn T)/(μmaxT-1/MCRT AER-Kdn T)=＝0.8mg/LTKNeff = 出流水之TKN=NH3eff +进流水TKN x TKN1 / (Qin x 8.34) + (硝化槽之挥发性固体物比率 x N-Content x 出流水TSS) =＝ 4.0mg/LPeak NO X Possible =23.36Max F/M = 1.62SRDN = 2.72NO X w/ Sim Denite =12.1NO X Based on Denite =7.9NO X Based on Recycle =7.54.空气需求量理论需氧量为碳水化合物分解、硝化作用及硫化氢氧化各项需氧量之和，再扣除脱硝之释氧量，由下表计算：OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS (lb/day)Item日平均值每日尖峰值(Average)(Diurnal Peak) Carbonaceous5,81711,695 Nitrogeneous5,0046,640 Denitrification Credit1,1961,701H2S108215Net9,73316,849 Carbonaceous Oxygen Demand 1.04lb O2/lb BOD5 Applied Total Oxygen Demand 1.74lb O2/lb BOD5 Applied Diurnal Peaking Factor 1.73理论需氧量(取每日尖峰值)TOR =16,849lb/d =7,649Kg/d依下式计算标准需氧量SOR =TORAlpha x (Beta x Cw x Dc)- CL x Theta (Tw-20)C20 x Dc其中：Alpha=Dc=Beta =CL=Cw =C20 =Theta= 1.024Tw =20计算标准需氧量SOR =7,649 /0.64=11,995Kg/d传氧效率OTE设为0.28空气密度为 1.20Kg/m3空气中氧含量为23%(重量比)计算空气量　＝11,995Kg/d0.28x 1.20Kg/m3x0.23x1,440＝105.6CMM各曝气池需要空气量　＝105.6CMM /4=26.428.3 19.0 11.3天℃% %ANA ANX ANXmmmOK ! OK ! OK ! OK !OK ! Days峰值(Diurnal Peak)min/dCMM。