分词作状语(附练习)
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分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：
一．确定分词形式
分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。
同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。
如果句子的主语是动词-ing形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词-ed形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。
例：1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell
B. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk
D. Lying on the desk
分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I 只能与see保持一致。
如果选A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。
所以选C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析：“Seen from the hill”是过去分词作状语。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的逻辑主语，它们之间表示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen.
二．确立句子主语可能是谁
确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。
反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。
例：Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。
句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是现在分词作状语。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
根据这一原则，可知“受攻击”的应是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B
三．独立主格结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式之前。
这种名词/代词+动词-ing/动词-ed结构在语法上被称为独立主格结构。
此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。
1, 名词/代词+动词-ing
例：Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2，名词/代词+动词-ed
例：The question settled, they felt released.
3，with/without+名词/代词+动词-ing/-ed
例：With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四．分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。
例：______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. I’m putting on
B. Having put on
C. As I’m gaining
D. To gain
分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中B， C两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案: C
五．现在分词和过去分词作独立成分
英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。
这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。
常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed形式结构:
Considering (that)…考虑到
supposing (that)…如果……
generally speaking 一般说来
frankly speaking 坦白说
Judging from…从…判断
talking of…说到……
Concerning…关于
setting aside... 除开……
Coming to…谈到……
allowing for... 考虑到……
Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)…既然……
given (that)…假设；如果；考虑到
put frankly 坦白地说
taken as a whole 总的说来
例：1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.
坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。
2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。
3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?
假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？
专项练习：
1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing
B. introduced
C. introduce
D. being introduced
3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.
A. Having finished, followed
B. Finished, followed
C. Finishing, following
D. Being finished, being following
5. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. It was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
Key: 1-5 DBAAD。