《计算机英语（第3版）》练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer ScienceUnit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. vacuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器 central processing unit14. 个人计算机 personal computer 15. 模拟计算机analogue computer16. 数字计算机 digital computer17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating instructions20. 输入设备 input device III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, andproduces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides someindication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generationcomputers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in theearly 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in theearly 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generationcomputers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generationcomputers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scaleintegration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generationcomputers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approachesto computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。
虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。
人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作的计算。
这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。
科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。
还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。
Unit One/Section BI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. experimentation2. interfacing3. interdisciplinary4. microprocessorII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4. human-computer interface 人机接口5. knowledge representation 知识表示6. 数值分析 numerical analysis7. 程序设计环境 programming environment8. 数据结构 data structure9. 存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information10. 虚拟现实 virtual realityUnit One/Section CI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. format2. synchronization3. virtual4. multimedia; third-partyII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. data field 数据字段，数据域2. learning curve 学习曲线3. third-party solution 第三方解决方案4. Windows Media Player Windows媒体播放器5. 开始按钮 Start button6. 指定输入区 designated input area7. 手写体识别系统 handwriting-recognition system8. 字符集 character setUnit Two: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AI． Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6. disk drives; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function key 功能键，操作键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏 10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统 operating system12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14. 数据总线 data bus15. 串行连接 serial connection16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory17. 激光打印机 laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive19. 基本输入/输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On aCD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam oflight on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user haveaccess only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or accessthe information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is theiraccess rate.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。