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《遗传学》课程教学大纲(英汉双语教学)

《遗传学》课程教学大纲(双语教学)一、课程基本信息课程代码:250211课程名称:普通遗传学(双语教学)英文名称:GENETICS课程类别:专业基础课学时:99学分:5.0适用对象:生物技术、生物科学等.考核方式:考试先修课程:普通生物学、生物化学等.二、课程简介本课程是生物技术、生物科学等专业的骨干基础课程,在这些专业的本科教学计划中占有极为重要的地位。

遗传学研究的任务是阐明生物遗传和变异现象及其表现的规律;探索遗传变异的原因、物质基础及其内在规律;指导动植物和微生物的改良,提高医学水平,为人民谋福利。

通过本课程学习,使学生全面掌握遗传学的基本概念、基本原理、基本知识和基本分析方法,了解遗传学的最新发展,学会应用遗传学基本原理分析一般遗传问题,为进一步学习植物育种学、分子生物学及其他有关课程奠定理论基础。

Genetics, the science of heredity, is primarily concerned with understanding biological properties that are transmitted from parents to offspring. Genetics is central to biology because gene activity underlies all life processes, from cell structure and function to reproduction. Genetics is an important basic course which has close links with applied researches because it is used not only in the improvement of plants, animals and microorganisms, but also in the public health protection and medicine. Therefore, the basic requirements of genetics teaching is,in terms of theory,to expound the phenomenon of heredity and variation as well as the law of expression, find out the cause and material basis of heredity and variation so as to reveal the inherent law, and in terms of practice,to grasp the basic methods and techniques of genetic research so as to pave the way for learning plant breeding and other related applied subjects. Furthermore, since the course is to be taught by bilingual teaching method, the relation between learning specialized knowledge and improving English level should be appropriately handled.三、课程性质与教学目的遗传学是研究生物遗传和变异规律的一门科学,是生物学科中十分重要的基础科学,同时又是一门紧密联系生产实际的基础科学。

教学上要求通过系统的学习,使学生对遗传学的基本理论和基本研究方法有全面和深入的了解。

弄清生物遗传物质存在的形式及其传递特点;生物的遗传体系及特点,生物产生可遗传变异的有效途径;数量性状与质量性状的特征;基因表达、调控;基因工程、基因组学等内容。

在群体、个体、细胞和分子水平了解遗传变异规律及其遗传学基础。

在教学方法上采取课堂讲授为主,辅以多媒体课件、实验、习题、课程讨论、教学辅助材料等,以加强学生对理论知识的消化和理解。

在教学过程中应注意积极启发学生的思维,培养学生发现问题和解决问题的能力。

由于本课程采用双语教学,要处理好专业知识学习与语言学习的关系,使学生在掌握遗传学基本理论与技能的基础上,同时提高其英语水平,从而有利于其全面素质的提高。

四、教学内容及要求Introduction(一)目的与要求了解遗传学的研究对象和任务、遗传学的发展及其在科学和生产发展中的作用。

(二)教学内容What’s the genetics; The subject matter of genetics; The branches of genetics; The development history of genetics; Genetic advances in agriculture and medicine 第一章Cytological basis of heredity(一)目的与要求了解掌握遗传物质在细胞中的分布,染色体的组成、结构及其遗传行为,有丝分裂与减数分裂,配子的形成和受精过程等。

(二)教学内容第一节Cellstructure1.主要内容:Structure of prokaryotic cell;Structure of eukaryotic cell.2.基本概念和知识点: Cell wall; Plasma membrane; Nucleoid; Prokaryotes;Cytoplasm; Centrioles; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Mitochondria ;Chloroplasts; Nucleus;Eukaryotes.3.问题与应用:原核细胞与真核细胞结构的主要差别。

第二节Chromosomes1.主要内容: Morphology ; Specialized chromosomal structure ; Homologous chromosomes ; Haploidand Diploid.2.基本概念和知识点:Centromere; Metacentric; Submetacentric; Acrocentric; Telocentric; Telomeres;NORs; Zygote; Genome;Sex chromosome; Autosomes.第三节Mitosis1.主要内容:Cell cycle ; process of mitosis; The significance of mitosis.2.基本概念和知识点: Sister chromatid;Prophase;Metaphase;Anaphase;Telophase;Cytokinesis.3.问题与应用:有丝分裂的重要意义。

第四节Meiosis1.主要内容:Meiosis I :The first meiotic division;Me iosis Ⅱ: The second meiotic division.2.基本概念和知识点:Synapsis;Bivalent;The leptotene stage; The zygotene stage; The pachytene stage; The diplotene stage; Diakinesis; Crossing over;Synaptonemal complex;Tetrad.第五节Gametogenesis1.主要内容: Spermatogenesis ; Oogenesis2.基本概念和知识点:Primary spermatocytes ;Secondary spermatocytes ;Haploid spermatids;Primary oocytes;Secondary oocytes;Polar body.3.问题与应用:雄配子形成与雌配子形成的差异。

第六节Significance of meiosis主要内容:The process of meiosis is critical to the successful sexual reproduction of all diploid organisms;The events that occur in meiosis are the bases for the variation and evolution.(三)实践环节与课后练习实验:Meiosis布置课后作业练习(四)教学方法与手段以教师课堂讲授为主,同时通过参加实验等实践性环节验证理论,增强感性认识,加深理解。

预先发放讲义和生词表,要求学生课前预习,特别是记忆生词,浏览所讲主要内容,课堂上首先检查预习情况(以后章节的学习均是如此,不再一一重述。

)第二章Molecular basis of genetic material(一)目的与要求掌握DNA和RNA结构和自我复制的特点,蛋白质的合成过程以及中心法则。

(二)教学内容第一节Characteristics of the genetic material1.主要内容:Characteristics of the genetic material; Evidence implicates DNA as the major genetic material.2.基本概念和知识点: Bacterial transformation studies; Bacteriophages;The experimental evidence showing that DNA is the genetic material in phage T2; RNA as the genetic material in some viruses.第二节DNA structure1.主要内容:Nucleotides; DNA polynucleotides; The double helix; Complementary base pairing; RNA structure.2.基本概念和知识点:The structure of nucleotides and polynucleotides; Themajor features of the double helix;RNA structure.3.问题与应用:DNA双螺旋结构的特点及其重要的生物学意义。

第三节 Genes1.主要内容:Structure of genes; Gene promoters; Intron and exon.2.基本概念和知识点:Intergenic DNA; template strand; nontemplate strand; sense/antisense and coding/noncoding strand; transcription factors ; splicing.第四节Molecular structure of chromosomes1.主要内容:Viral and bacterial chromosomes, The molecular structure of the eukaryotic chromosome.2.基本概念和知识点:The characteristics of prokaryoticchromosomes; Chromatin;Histones and nonhistones; Nucleosomes;Histone octamer;Solenoid; Euchromatin; Heterochromatin;Constitutive heterochromatin; facultative heterochromatin3.问题与应用:原核生物与真核生物的染色体的构成及其结构有什么不同;染色质与染色体间的关系;真核生物染色体在细胞循环不同时期的表现特点;不同类型染色质与基因表达的关系等。

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