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新概念第二册语法总结

新概念英语二册语法总结L1.简单句的结构主语+谓语+宾语+状语(地点状语 +方式状语 +时间状语)时间状语还可以放在句首L2.—般现在时现在进行时感叹句:what+名词+主语+谓语,how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语频度副词:位于主语和谓语之间,常见频度副词及其程度的深浅: always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.L3■—般过去时直接宾语和间接宾语:主语+及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务,也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,或者是为谁做的。

所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.me间接宾语,a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词 to 或for,to 表示动作对谁而做,for 表示动作为谁而做。

主语+及物动词直接宾语+介词介词+间接宾语Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.L4•现在完成时注意频度及时间副词的位置receive/takeL5复习般过去时与现在完成时的区别 in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spareL6■冠词用法1.不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词,当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要用冠词 an, 如果是辅音用 a 即可。

2.不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物,有时候也可以省略:A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal. 3.不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物: Apple is a fruit.4・如果特制某人 ,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词 the 5・Some表示一些,可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。

6・在姓名,城市,地名,过名,月份,节日,星期前不加冠词,季节前也一般不加,特指时加。

put on/take off/look for/look after/knockat/knock sth.offUntil (you are) invited, you should not come. If she (is in need), she will borrow from me/knock % off/knock over/knock outL7过去进行时时间状语短语:在短语中动词后面的介词或副词叫小品词,有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面,而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。

L8形容词的比较级与最高级单音节词的比较级最高级直接力 n -er, -est: small-smaller, smallest 以 e 结尾的力n -r, -st: large-larger, largest 以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiest重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音字母再力n -er, -est: big-bigger,biggest以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接力n-er, -est: narrow, com mon, clever, simple, po lite, quiet •… 多音节词及双音节词 more/less, most/lest 不规则变化good/bad/ma ny/little/far •…少数单音节词也要通过加 more/less, most/lest 构成比较级和最高级: pleased, glad, tired, fond, 注意形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the 不定代词的用法,如果不定代词做主语,谓语动词要用单数: Everyone ishere.enter/enter forL9介词表示时间 morni ng/afterno on /eve ningin:表示一天中的某段时间:in the 表示月份/年份:in March, in 1990 表示季节:insprin g/w in terin+—段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后,可以与现在时,过去时和将来时连用。

on:表示星期:on Mon day表示具体日期:on June 1ston that day/that evening/on that 表示具体时间:nightat:表示确切时间: 表示用餐时间: 表示其他时刻: at 10 o' clockat lunch time/teatimeat noon/ni ght/mid ni ght, atthis time durin g+一段时间from …tilltill/untill 直到not any=no,语气更强L10被动语态结构:be+过去分词用法:主语不清或不需要提及时用a即可I was born in 1999. The apple was eate n.强调不同的主语时,为了说明动作是谁做的,用by+动作执行者The P olicema n caught the thief. The thief was caught by the p olicema n.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 双重名词所有格: one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+名词复数单数名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格one of my father ' s friends/a friend of my fatherone of my frie nds/a frie nd of mineone of your records/a record of yoursL11. 复习动词不定式做宾补的用法: want/help/ask/teach/advise sb. to do, 代词要用宾格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wagesL12. 一般将来时 be going to 结构的用法 be+副词词组: be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./sth.set out=set off, set up=createL13. 将来进行时名词所有格: 如果名词复数以 S 结尾一般只加如果名词是以S结尾的专有名词如人名可以加’S,也可以直接加如: Keats' work, the Johns' house名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的1.时间: today' s, new centry's2.国家,城市名词: the country 's, the city 's3.机构组织: the station ' s waiting room, the university 'slibrary4.车,船,用具 : the car 's wheel, the computer 's hard disk 5.专有结构: at one's wit 's end, (智穷才竭)6.价值: ten pound' s worth of meat,7.时间: in twenty minutes ' timeL14. 过去完成时 ask/ask for except/except for/apart from which of/neither of/both of/neither ofL15. 直接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时,那么间接引语要做相应变化:时态,人称,时间地点及指示词时态变化:般现在时般过去时现在进行时——过去进行时般过去时——过去完成时 现在完成时——过去完成时般将来时——过去将来时be going to --- was/were going to/wouldcould might时间地点及指示词的变化: here —there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this ——that …人称变化:根据句意改变人称。

Nervous/irritableOffice/study/desk afford can mayL16. 条件状语从句:主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时,有时为了强调“能够”必须”还可以用情态动词 police/policeman pay attention to/care for/take care of remind/remember one/you 可以指任何人:One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.L17. 情态动词 must/have to as作为介词,以…身份,与like相同 as 作为连词,因为,正当。

时候,以。

方式,如同。

那样 dress/suit/costume grow/grow upL18. have 用法 give in, give away, give up, give upbeside/besidesL19. can/could/may/might might as well 表示“还是。

的好”,“还不如。

”He will never pass. He might as well give up.L20. 动名词: 1.动词的 -ing 形式在起名词作用时称为动名词。

动名词可以做主语,标语,宾语,介词宾语定语(即复合名词) 2.动名词的几种形式:主动形式被动形式般式 doing being done 完成式 having done, having been done 3. 做主语:Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表语:My main hobby is reading.One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做宾语:I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English.The flowers need watering.6. 介词宾语:He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加动名词的动词词组(注意总结):take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in, be worth of.7. 做定语: waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水机), parking slot (停车位) 8. 动名词的否定:在动名词前面加 not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusingL21. 被动语态 will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/houseL22. 介词用法见书L23. 复习there be 句型it 做为虚主语可以用来表示时间,天气,温度,距离,人或指代一个句子或不定式。

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