w .. . ..湖南大学信息科学与工程学院实验报告实验名称信道容量的迭代算法课程名称信息论与编码1.实验目的（1）进一步熟悉信道容量的迭代算法；（2）学习如何将复杂的公式转化为程序；（3）掌握C 语言数值计算程序的设计和调试技术。

2、实验方法硬件：pc 机开发平台：visual c++软件编程语言：c 语言3、实验要求（1）已知：信源符号个数r 、信宿符号个数s 、信道转移概率矩阵P 。

（2）输入：任意的一个信道转移概率矩阵。

信源符号个数、信宿符号个数和每个具体的转移概率在运行时从键盘输入。

（3）输出：最佳信源分布P*，信道容量C 。

4.算法分析1：procedure CHANNEL CAPACITY(r,s,(ji p )) 2：initialize:信源分布i p =1/r ，相对误差门限σ，C=—∞3：repeat4：5： 1i ji r i ji i p p p p =∑ijφ6：C 2211log [exp(log )]r s ji ij r j p φ==∑∑7：until C C σ∆≤8：output P*= ()i r p ,C9：end procedure5.程序调试1、头文件引入出错f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(4) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'unistd.h': No such file or directory————#include<unistd.h>纠错：//#include<unistd.h>f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(5) : fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'values.h': No such file or directory————#include<values.h>纠错：//#include<values.h>2、变量赋值错误f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(17) : error C2065: 'ij' : undeclared identifierf:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(17) : error C2440: 'initializing' : cannot convert from 'int' to 'float ** ' Conversion from integral type to pointer type requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast————float **phi_ij=ij=NULL;纠错：float **phi_ij=NULL;3、常量定义错误f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(40) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ';' before 'for' ————for(i=0;i<r;i++)phi_ij[i]=(float *)calloc(s,sizeof(float));f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(52) : error C2021: expected exponent value, not ' '————if(fabs(validate -1.0)>DELTA) f:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(84) : error C2021: expected exponent value, not ' '21211exp(log )exp(log )s ji ij j r s ji ij r j p pφφ===∑∑∑i p————if(fabs(p_j)>=DELTA)f:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(100) : error C2021: expected exponent value, not ' ' ————if(fabs(phi_ij[i][j])>=DELTA)f:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(116) : error C2021: expected exponent value, not ' ' ————while(fabs(C-C_pre)/C>DELTA);纠错：#define DELTA 0.000001;F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(68) : error C2065: 'MAXFLOAT' : undeclared identifierF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(68) : warning C4244: '=' : conversion from 'int' to 'float', possible loss of data————C=-MAXFLOAT;纠错：#define MAXFLOAT 1000000;3、引用中文逗号f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2018: unknown character '0xa1'f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2018: unknown character '0xb1'f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2065: 'Starting' : undeclared identifierf:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2059: syntax error : '.'f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2017: illegal escape sequencef:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2018: unknown character '0xa1'f:\visualc++\channel\cpp1.cpp(60) : error C2018: unknown character '0xb1'————fprintf(stdout,”Starting..\n”);纠错：fprintf(stdout,"Starting..\n");4、没有进行强制转换F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(65) : warning C4244: '=' : conversion from 'double' to 'float', possible loss of data————p_i[i]=1.0/(float)r;纠错：p_i[i]=(float)(1.0/(float)r);F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(101) : warning C4244: '+=' : conversion from 'double' to 'float', possible loss of data————sum[i]+=p_ji[i][j]*log( phi_ij[i][j])/ log(2.0);纠错：sum[i]+=(float)(p_ji[i][j]*log( phi_ij[i][j])/ log(2.0));F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(103) : warning C4244: '=' : conversion from 'double' to 'float', possible loss of data————sum[i]=pow(2.0,sum[i]);纠错:sum[i]=(float)(pow(2.0,sum[i]));F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(114) : warning C4244: '=' : conversion from 'double' to 'float', possible loss of data————C= log(p_j)/ log(2.0);纠错：C= (float)(log(p_j)/ log(2.0));4、表达式错误F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(86) : error C2065: 'phi_ji' : undeclared identifierF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(86) : error C2109: subscript requires array or pointer typeF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(86) : error C2109: subscript requires array or pointer type ————phi_ij[i][j]=p_i[i]* phi_ji[i][j]/p_j;纠错：phi_ij[i][j]=p_i[i]* p_ji[i][j]/p_j;F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2065: 'fprint' : undeclared identifierF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2018: unknown character '0xa1'F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2018: unknown character '0xb1'F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2065: 'The' : undeclared identifierF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ')' before identifier 'iteration'F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2017: illegal escape sequenceF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2017: illegal escape sequenceF:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2018: unknown character '0xa1'F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(122) : error C2018: unknown character '0xb1' ————fprint(stdout,”The iteration number is %d.\n\n”,k);纠错：fprintf(stdout,"The iteration number is %d.\n\n",k);F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(145) : error C2143: syntax error : missing ')' before ';' ————free((p_i);纠错：free(p_i);5、没有返回值F:\visualc++\channel\Cpp1.cpp(149) : warning C4508: 'main' : function should return a value; 'void' return type assumed、纠错：return 0;6.改进程序/*引入头文件*/#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>#include<stdlib.h>/*定义常量*/#define DELTA 0.0000001//DELTA为相对误差门限#define MAXFLOAT 1000000;//MAXFLOAT为初始化信道容量值int main( void){/*定义全局变量*//*register允许直接从寄存器中读取变量，提高速率*/register int i,j;//i、j为整型变量register int k;//信道容量迭代计算次数int r,s;//r为信源符号个数，s为新宿符号个数float *p_i=NULL;//r个信源符号发生的概率float **p_ji=NULL;//信源到新宿的信道转移概率矩阵Pfloat **phi_ij=NULL;float C,C_pre,validate;//C为信道容量，C_pre为信道最大容量，validate为判定输入转移概率矩阵是否合法float * sum=NULL;//信源符号所带的全部信息量float p_j;//条件概率/*输入信源符号和新宿符号个数*/printf("请输入信源符号个数r、信宿符号个数s...\n");printf("+++++注意！！！r必须大于等于s！！+++++\n");fscanf(stdin,"%d",&r);fscanf(stdin,"%d",&s);/*为p_i,p_ji 和phi_ij 分配存空间*/p_i=(float *)calloc(r,sizeof(float));p_ji=(float **)calloc(r,sizeof(float));/*为每个p_ji分配大小为s的存空间*/for(i=0;i<r;i++)p_ji[i]=(float *)calloc(s,sizeof(float));phi_ij=(float **)calloc(r,sizeof(float*));/*输入转移概率矩阵*/for(i=0;i<r;i++)/*为每个phi_ij分配大小为s的存空间*/phi_ij[i]=(float *)calloc(s,sizeof(float));printf("信道转移概率矩阵P...\n");for(i=0;i<r;i++)for(j=0;j<s;j++)fscanf(stdin,"%f",&p_ji[i][j]);/*判定输入的转移概率矩阵是否正确*/for(i=0;i<r;i++){validate=0.0;for(j=0;j<s;j++){validate +=p_ji[i][j];}if((validate-1.0)>=0)//如果转移概率矩阵的概率和大于1，输入数据不合法{fprintf(stdout,"invalid input data.\n");exit(-1);}}/*显示开始计算..*/fprintf(stdout,"Starting..\n");/*初始化p_i 和phi_ij*/for(i=0;i<r;i++){/* p_i为等概率，即概率为1/r*/p_i[i]=(float)(1.0/(float)r);}/*初始化信道容量c，迭代次数k和临时变量variable*/ C=-MAXFLOAT;k=0;/* 为sum分配大小为r的存空间*/sum=(float *)calloc(r,sizeof(float));/*开始迭代计算*/do{k++;//每进行一次迭代，迭代次数k加1/* 计算phi_ij(k)*/for(j=0;j<s;j++){p_j=0.0;for(i=0;i<r;i++)p_j+=p_i[i]*p_ji[i][j];if(fabs(p_j)>=DELTA)for(i=0;i<r;i++)phi_ij[i][j]=p_i[i]* p_ji[i][j]/p_j;elsefor(i=0;i<r;i++)phi_ij[i][j]=0.0;}/*计算p_i(k+1)*/p_j=0.0;for(i=0;i<r;i++){sum[i]=0.0;for(j=0;j<s;j++){/*相对误差门限为0*/if(fabs(phi_ij[i][j])>=DELTA)sum[i]+=(float)(p_ji[i][j]*log( phi_ij[i][j])/ log(2.0));}sum[i]=(float)(pow(2.0,sum[i]));p_j+=sum[i];}for(i=0;i<r;i++){p_i[i]=sum[i]/p_j;}C_pre=C;C= (float)(log(2.0)/log(p_j) );}while(fabs(C-C_pre)/C>DELTA);free(sum);sum=NULL;/*显示结果*/fprintf(stdout,"The iteration number is %d.\n\n",k);//迭代次数fprintf(stdout,"The capacity of the channel is %.6f bit/symbol:\n\n",C);//信道容量fprintf(stdout,"The best input probability distribution is :\n");//最佳信源分布for(i=0;i<r;i++)fprintf(stdout,"%.6f\n",p_i[i]);fprintf(stdout,"\n");/* 释放指针空间*/for(i=s-1;i>=0;i--){free(phi_ij[i]);phi_ij[i]=NULL;}free(phi_ij);phi_ij=NULL;for(i=r-1;i>=0;i--){free(p_ji[i]);p_ji[i]=NULL;}free(p_ji);p_ji=NULL;free(p_i);p_i=NULL;exit(0);return 0;}7.实验结果八、实验结论信道容量是指信道能无错误传送的最大信息率。