英语所有前后缀
二.表示“before”的前缀
1.pre-
preconception(成见),pre-existing(先于……而存在的),pre-selection(选举前的),preface(前言,序言),prescribe (开药),predict(预言), prevent
2.Ante-
anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者),anticipate (预期)
3.Fore-
forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee (预见),foretell(预言), forearm, forefather, forecast
4.Pro-
programme(计划),prologue(序幕), probe, proceed, process
5.Ex-
ex-president(前任总统),ex-wife(前妻),ex-con (前罪犯)
三.表示“后”的前缀
1.post-
post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午),post-mortem(验尸的,死后的),postpone (推迟,延后),postgraduate (研究生)
四.表示“低”、“下”的前缀
1.Hypo-
Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐)2.Infra-
Infra-red(红外线),infrastructure(基础设施),infrasonic(次声的)
3.Sub-
Sub-editor(副编辑),subway(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine (海下的,潜艇),sub-tropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题),suburb (郊区)
五.表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀
1.Re-
Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct (重建),return(返回),repay (偿还),replace (替换,放回原位)
2.Retro-
Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)
七.表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀
1.Inter-
Inter-changeable(可互换的),interdependent(互相依靠的),international (国际的),inter-personal(人际的),intercity (城际),intercontinental (洲际的),interact (互动,相互影响),Internet(互联网)
八. 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀
1.Ec-
Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想)
2.Extra-
Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的),extra-terrestrial (地球之外的,外星的)
九.表示“超过”的前缀
1.hyper-, preter-, super-, sur-, ultra-
hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的), surrounding, ultrasonic
后缀
1.-ster,-eer,-er(or,ar)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor, visitor, beggar, weaponeer, profiteer, supervisor
2.-let意为:小\不重要\环形的东西(small,unimportant or round thing)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet ,islet, piglet,bracelet, armlet,
3.-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette 2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette 3)女性(female)例词:usherette
4.-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress
5.-hood意为:时期(status;etc.)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood
6.-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship, scholarship, authorship, fellowship, hardship
7.-ful意为:数量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful ,armful, roomful
8.-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starvation 2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词:organization,foundation
9.-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc.)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement, entertainment, enjoyment, monument
0.-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal, survival, denial, musical
1.-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage, percentage, wreckage
2.-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc.)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability, regularity, popularity, honesty, treaty, creativity
3.-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism ,journalism,me-tooism, Marxism, Socialism, Communism, Chauvinism, sexism,
四、副词后缀
常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下:
1.-ly意为:以……方式(in a...manner;etc.)
例词:happily,boldly,attentively,strangely, quickly, honestly
2.-ward(s)意为:表示方式或动作的方向(manner and direction of movement)例词:onward(s),backward(s),earthward(s),homeward (s),eastward(s), forwards, towards, eastwards, upwards, downwards, inwards
3.-wise意为:1)按照……方式(in the manner of)例词:crabwise,clockwise2)就……而言(as far as ...is concerned)例词:weather-wise ,education-wise, clockwise, likewise,
注:有一个元音的单音节词,结尾只有一个辅音(即重读闭音节),在加元音后缀时,要双写这个辅音.例词:run + er = runner,hit + ing = hitting
英语字根。