**解剖学anatomy**人体解剖学human anatomy**系统解剖学systematic anatomy, descriptive anatomy **局部解剖学topographic anatomy, regional anatomy **应用解剖学applied anatomy**临床解剖学clinical anatomy**外科解剖学surgical anatomy**解剖学姿势anatomical position*矢状面sagittal plane*正中矢状面median(or midsagittal) plane*冠状面（或额状面）coronal(or frontal) plane*横切面（或水平面）transverse(or horizontal) plane前面（或腹侧面）anterior(or ventral) surface后面（或背侧面）posterior(or dorsal) surface上端（或颅端）superior(or cranial) end下端（或尾端）inferior(or caudal) end内侧（尺侧或胫侧）缘medial(ulnar or tibial)border外侧（桡侧或腓侧）缘lateral(radial or fibular)border近侧端（或上端）proximal(or upper) end远侧端（或下端）distal(or lower) end内面internal(or interior)surface外面external(or exterior)surface浅层superficial layer深层deep layer*头head*颅cranium, skull*额front*枕occipit*耳ear*面face*眼eye*鼻nose*口mouth唇lip*颈neck, cervix, collum *躯干trunk*背back*胸thorax, chest*腹abdomen脐umbilicus*盆部pelvis四肢limbs, extremities *上肢upper limb*肩shoulder腋axilla*臂arm*肘elbow*前臂forearm腕wrist掌palm*鱼际thenar*小鱼际hypothenar*手指finger*拇指thumb示指index finger*下肢lower limb *髋hip*股（又称大腿) thigh*膝knee*小腿leg*踝ankle, malleolus *足foot跗tarsus跖sole*趾toe骨及骨连结bone and joint*骨学osteology **骨骼skeleton*骨骼系统skeletal system**骨bone中轴骨axial skeleton附肢骨appendicular skeleton*长骨long bone*短骨short bone*扁骨flat bone*不规则骨irregular bone**骨密质compact bony substance **骨松质spongy bony substance **骨膜periosteum骨内膜endosteum*黄骨髓yellow bony marrow**红骨髓red bony marrow骺epiphysis骨干diaphysis干骺端metaphysis*骺软骨epiphysial cartilage*骺线epiphysial line滋养孔nutrient foramen髓腔medullary cavity突process隆起eminence粗隆tuberosity结节tuber, tubercle 嵴crest线line窝concavity, fossa凹fovea小凹foveola压迹impression腔cavity窦autrum, sinus管canal, duct孔foramen,opening口mouth, apertura, aditus, ostium 裂孔hiatus髁condyle上髁epicondyle缘margin切迹notch, incisura 纤维连结fibrous joint韧带连结syndesmosis软骨连结cartilaginous joint**关节articulation, joint**关节面articular surface关节软骨articular cartilage**关节囊articular capsul*纤维层fibrous layer*滑膜synovial membrane **关节腔articular cavity**韧带ligament**关节盘articular disk**关节半月板articular meniscus*关节唇articular labrum滑膜关节synovial joint平面关节plane joint球窝关节ball and socket joint椭圆关节ellipsoid joint车轴关节pivot joint鞍状关节saddle joint*屈flexion*伸extension*收adduction*旋转rotation*环转circumduction*旋前pronation*旋后supination*外翻eversion*内翻inversion*背屈dorsiflexion*跖屈plantarflexion**椎骨vertebrae**脊柱vertebral column*椎管vertebral canal*椎体vertebral body*椎弓vertebral arch**椎间孔intervertebral foramen *椎孔vertebral foramen*棘突spinous process*横突transverse process上关节突superior articular process **颈椎cervical vertebrae*横突孔transverse foramen*寰椎atlas*枢椎axis齿突dens**胸椎thoracic vertebrae上肋凹superior costal fovea **腰椎lumbar vertebrae**骶骨sacrum, sacral bone骶骨岬sacral promontory*骶管裂孔sacral hiatus骶角sacral horn**尾骨coccyx**椎间盘intervertebral disc *纤维环anulus fibrosus*髓核pulpiform nucleus *黄韧带ligaments flava寰枕关节atlanto-occipital joint **肋ribs, costae*肋软骨costal cartilage*肋沟costal groove**肋弓costal arch**胸骨sternum胸骨柄sternal manubrium**剑突xiphoid process**胸骨角sternal angle**胸廓thoracic cage肋椎关节costovertebral joints胸肋关节sternocostal joints**枕骨occipital bone枕骨髁occipital condyle*舌下神经管hypoglossal canal*枕骨大孔foramen magnum枕外隆凸external occipital protuberance *蝶骨sphenoid bone*蝶鞍sella turcica**垂体窝hypophysial fossa*视神经管optic canal鞍背dorsum sellae破裂孔foramen lacerum*圆孔foramen rotundum*卵圆孔foramen ovale*棘孔foramen spinosum*眶上裂superior orbital fissure大翼greater wings翼突pterygoid process**颞骨temporal bone岩部petrous portion*乳突mastoid process*面神经管facial canal肌咽鼓管musculo-tubal canal*内耳门internal acoustic port*茎突styloid process*茎乳孔stylomastoid foramen*外耳道external acoustic meatus *下颌窝mandibular fossa**顶骨parietal bone**额骨frontal bone**筛骨ethmoid bone下鼻甲inferior nasal concha泪骨lacrimal bone鼻骨nasal bone犁骨vomer**上颌骨maxilla眶下孔infraorbital foramen牙槽突alveolar process切牙管incisive canal*腭骨palatine bone*颧骨zygomatic bone**下颌骨mandible颏孔mental foramen冠突coronoid process下颌切迹mandibular incisure**舌骨hyoid bone颅盖calvaria外板outer plate内板inner plate*板障diploe**颅前窝anterior cranial fossa **颅中窝middle cranial fossa **颅后窝posterior cranial fossa 颞窝temporal fossa*颧弓zygomatic arch*颞下窝infratemporal fossa*翼腭窝pterygopalatine fossa*翼点pterion*颈动脉管carotid canal*颈静脉孔jugular foramen腭大孔greater palatine foramen **眶orbit眶上孔supraorbital foramen眶下孔infraorbital foramen**骨性鼻腔bony nasal cavity**鼻腔nasal cavity*鼻旁窦paranasal sinus*上颌窦maxillary sinus*蝶窦sphenoidal sinus*额窦frontal sinus*筛窦ethmoidal sinus鼻中隔nasal septum上(中, 下)鼻道superior(middle, inferior) nasal meatus 颅囟cranial fontanelle前囟anterior fontanelle冠状缝coronary suture矢状缝sagital suture人字缝lambdoid suture**颞下颌关节temporomandibular joint**肩胛骨scapula*肩峰acromion*关节盂glenoid cavity*喙突coracoid process**锁骨clavicle**肱骨humerus大结节greater tubercle小结节lesser tubercle*解剖颈anatomical neck*外科颈surgical neck鹰嘴窝olecranon fossa*内上髁medial epicondyle **桡骨radius环状关节面articular circumference **尺骨ulna鹰嘴olecranon滑车切迹trochlear notch**腕骨carpal bones, carpus 舟骨scaphoid bone三角骨triquetral bone豌豆骨pisiform bone大多角骨trapezium bone小多角骨trapezoid bone头状骨capitate bone钩骨hamate bone**掌骨metacarpal bones**指骨phalanges of fingers*胸锁关节sternoclavicular joint**肩关节shoulder joint盂唇glenoid labrum**肘关节elbow joint*桡骨环状韧带annular ligament of radius *桡尺近侧关节proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节distal radioulnar joint**腕关节wrist joint腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint掌指关节metacarpophalangeal joint 指间关节interphalangeal joint**髋骨hip bone*髋臼acetabulum*闭孔obturater foramen**髂骨ilium髂嵴iliac crest**坐骨ischium**耻骨pubis**骨盆pelvis**股骨femur大转子greater trochanter髁间窝intercondylar fossa**髌骨patella**胫骨tibia髁间隆起intercondylar eminence *内踝medial malleolus **腓骨fibula*外踝lateral malleolus **跗骨tarsal bone, tarsus距骨talus**跟骨calcaneus足舟骨navicular bone内侧楔骨medial cuneiform bone 骰骨cuboid bone**跖骨metatarsal bones**趾骨phalanges of toes*耻骨联合pubic symphysis*骶髂关节sacroiliac joint*骶结节韧带sacrotuberous ligament *骶棘韧带sacrospinous ligament **髋关节hip joint**膝关节knee joint*半月板meniscus*交叉韧带cruciate ligaments**踝关节ankle joint跗骨间关节intertarsal joint距跟关节talocalcaneal joint跗横关节transverse tarsal joint跗跖关节tarsometatarsal joints跖趾关节metatarsophalangeal joints(二)肌肉muscles肌学myology肌肉系统muscular system**肌muscle**骨骼肌skeletal muscle**肌腹muscle belly**肌头head of muscle腱膜aponeurosis起点origin止点insertion**筋膜fascia*浅筋膜superficial fascia*深筋膜deep fascia滑膜囊synovial bursa*腱鞘tendinous sheath**斜方肌trapezius**背阔肌latissimus dorsi**竖脊肌erector spinae胸腰筋膜thoracolumbar fascia颈阔肌platysma**胸锁乳突肌sternocleidomastoid**斜角肌scalenus**胸大肌pectoralis major*胸小肌pectoralis minor*前锯肌serratus anterior**膈diaphragm**中心腱central tendon**腹直肌rectus abdominis**腹直肌鞘sheath of rectus abdominis 白线linea alba**腹外斜肌obliquus externus abdominis **腹内斜肌obliquus internus abdominis **腹横肌transversus abdominis **腰大肌psoas major**髂腰肌iliopsoas**腹股沟韧带inguinal ligament*腹股沟管inguinal canal腹股沟管浅环superficial inguinal ring*面肌facial muscles枕额肌occipitofrontal muscle帽状腱膜gelea aponeurotica**咀嚼肌masticatory muscles咬肌masseter颞肌temporalis**三角肌deltoid大圆肌teres major小圆肌teres minor**肱二头肌biceps brachii**肱三头肌triceps brachii*肱桡肌brachioradialis*旋前圆肌pronator teres*桡侧腕屈肌flexor carpi radialis*掌长肌palmaris longus*尺侧腕屈肌flexor carpi ulnaris*指浅屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis 指深屈肌flexor digitorum profundus 拇长屈肌flexor pollicis longus旋前方肌pronator quadratus桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis longus桡侧腕短伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis 指伸肌extensor digitorum*旋后肌supinator*蚓状肌lumbricales*骨间肌interossei**臀大肌gluteus maximus**梨状肌piriformis**股四头肌quadriceps femoris**髌韧带patellar ligament缝匠肌sartorius*股二头肌biceps femoris*半腱肌semitendinosus*半膜肌semimembranosus*腓骨长肌peroneus longus*腓骨短肌peroneus brevis*胫骨前肌tibialis anterior**小腿三头肌triceps surae*腓肠肌gastrocnemius*比目鱼肌soleus*跟腱tendo calcaneus内脏学splanchnology消化系统digestive system**内脏学splanchnology **内脏viscera**消化系统digestive system**口腔mouth cavity**唇lip颊cheek腭palatine*牙tooth, teeth牙髓dental pulp切牙incisor teeth尖牙canine teeth前磨牙premolar teeth磨牙molar teeth恒牙permanent teeth乳牙deciduous teeth**唾液腺salivary gland舌下腺sublingual gland下颌下腺submandibular gland 腮腺parotid gland味蕾taste bud, gustatory bud舌乳头papillae of tongue**咽pharynx*咽峡isthmus of fauces咽腔cavity of pharynx*扁桃体tonsil**食管esophagus**胃stomach胃大弯greater curvature of stomach 胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach 角切迹angular incisure贲门部cardial part幽门部pyloric part幽门pylorus*小肠small intestine**十二指肠duodenum**空肠jejunum**回肠ileum**大肠large intestine*盲肠caecum**阑尾vermiform appendix*升结肠ascending colon*横结肠transverse colon*降结肠descending colon*乙状结肠sigmoid colon**直肠rectum**肛门anus*肛管anal canal**肝liver*肝总管common hepatic duct **胆囊gallbladder*胆囊管cystic duct**胆总管common bile duct**胰pancreas胰管pancreatic duct*呼吸系统respiratory system外鼻external nose**喉larynx甲状软骨thyroid cartilage环状软骨cricoid cartilage杓状软骨arytenoid cartilage弹性圆锥conus elasticus喉肌laryngeal muscles会厌epiglottis会厌软骨epiglottic cartilage喉腔laryngeal cavity声门glottis**声带vocal fold**气管trachea**支气管bronchus**肺lung*肺门hilum of lung*支气管肺段bronchopulmonary segment **胸腔thoracic cavity**胸膜pleura**纵隔mediastinum(三)泌尿生殖系统urogenital system*泌尿生殖系统urogenital system**泌尿系统urinary system**肾kidney肾盏renal calices肾窦renal sinus**输尿管ureter**膀胱urinary bladder*膀胱三角trigone of bladder**尿道urethra**男性生殖器male genital organs**睾丸testis白膜tunica albuginea**附睾epididymis输精管ductus deferens**输精管壶腹ampulla of ductus deferens *射精管ejaculatory duct*精索spermatic cord睾丸鞘膜sheath of testicle精囊seminal vesicle**前列腺prostate**阴茎penis阴茎头glans of penis阴茎包皮prepuce尿道外口external urethral orifice**女性生殖器female genital organs **卵巢ovary**输卵管uterine tube输卵管伞fimbriae of uterine tube **子宫uterus子宫峡isthmus of uterus子宫颈cervix of uterus子宫口ostium of uterus子宫阔韧带broad ligament of uterus**阴道vagina处女膜hymen阴道穹fornix of vagina大阴唇labia majora阴道口vaginal orifice阴蒂clitoris**乳房mamma, breast**乳腺mammary gland*会阴perineum**坐骨肛门窝ischioanal fossa(四)腹膜peritoneum*腹膜腔peritoneal cavity*壁腹膜parietal peritoneum*脏腹膜visceral peritoneum**网膜omentum*大网膜greater omentum网膜囊omental bursa网膜孔omental foramen*肝胃韧带hepatogastric ligament *肝十二指肠韧带hepatoduodenal ligament 肝镰状韧带falciform ligament of liver 肝冠状韧带coronary ligament of liver *胃脾韧带gastrosplenic ligament *脾肾韧带splenorenal ligament **肠系膜mesentery结肠系膜mesocolon阑尾系膜mesoappendix胃结肠韧带gastrocolic ligament回盲襞ileocaecal fold肝肾隐窝hepatorenal recess**直肠子宫陷凹rectouterine pouch*膀胱子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch*直肠膀胱陷凹rectovesical pouch脉管系统vascular system**脉管系统vascular system**脉管学angiology心血管系cardiovascular system**心血管系cardiovascular system**心heart**动脉artery**静脉vein**毛细血管capillary吻合anastomosis心底cardiac base心尖cardiac apex*冠状窦coronary sinus**右心房right atrium右心耳right auricle**右心室right ventricle右房室口right atrioventricular orifice **三尖瓣tricuspid valve**左心房left atrium左心耳left auricle**左心室left ventricle**二尖瓣mitral valve肉柱trabeculae carneae乳头肌papillary muscles肌腱tendinous cords卵圆窝oval fossa*室上嵴supraventricular crest 动脉圆锥conus arteriosus**肺动脉瓣pulmonary valve**主动脉瓣aortic valve心内膜endocardium心肌层myocardium心外膜epicardium*房间隔interatrial septum*室间隔interventricular septum **窦房结sinuatrial node*房室结atrioventricular node *房室束atrioventricular bundle 右束支right bundle branch左束支left bundle branch**心包pericardium*肺动脉干pulmonary trunk*动脉韧带arterial ligament**主动脉aorta*升主动脉ascending aorta**冠状动脉coronary arteries**主动脉弓aortic arch头臂干brachiocephalic trunk**颈总动脉common carotid artery 颈动脉小球carotid glomus颈动脉窦carotid sinus**颈外动脉external carotid artery *甲状颈干thyrocervical trunk*甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid artery 舌动脉lingual artery面动脉facial artery*颞浅动脉superficial temporal artery 上颌动脉maxillary artery**颈内动脉internal carotid artery**锁骨下动脉subclavian artery胸廓内动脉internal thoracic artery 腋动脉axillary artery*肱动脉brachial artery*桡动脉radial artery尺动脉ulnar artery掌浅弓superficial palmar arch*降主动脉descending aorta*胸主动脉thoracic aorta**腹主动脉abdominal aorta**腹腔干coeliac trunk**胃左动脉left gastric artery**肝总动脉common hepatic artery**脾动脉splenic artery**肠系膜上动脉superior mesenteric artery **肠系膜下动脉inferior mensenteric artery *肾动脉renal artery*睾丸动脉testicular artery*卵巢动脉ovarian artery**髂总动脉common iliac artery**髂内动脉internal iliac artery臀上动脉superior gluteal artery臀下动脉inferior gluteal artery闭孔动脉obturator artery*阴部内动脉internal pudendal artery *子宫动脉uterus artery**髂外动脉external iliac artery*股动脉femoral artery股深动脉profunda femoris artery帼动脉popliteal artery胫前动脉anterior tibial artery胫后动脉posterior tibial artery足背动脉dorsal pedal artery肺静脉pulmonary vein**上腔静脉superior vena cava头臂静脉(无名静脉) brachiocephalic vein, innominate vein 颈内静脉internal jugular vein翼丛pterygoid plexus*颈外静脉external jugular vein锁骨下静脉subclavian vein静脉角venous angle肱静脉brachial vein头静脉cephalic vein贵要静脉basilic vein肘正中静脉median cubital vein*奇静脉azygos vein半奇静脉hemiazygos vein椎静脉丛vertebral venous plexus**下腔静脉inferior vena cava髂总静脉common iliac vein髂内静脉internal iliac vein髂外静脉external iliac vein*股静脉femoral vein小隐静脉small saphenous vein**大隐静脉great saphenous vein帼静脉popliteal vein**肝门静脉portal vein附脐静脉paraumbilical vein**肠系膜上静脉superior mesenteric vein **脾静脉splenic vein**肠系膜下静脉inferior mensenteric vein 直肠静脉丛rectal venous plexus(二)淋巴系统lymphatic system**淋巴系统lymphatic system毛细淋巴管lymphatic capillary淋巴管lymphatic vessels淋巴干lymphatic trunks*淋巴导管lymphatic ducts**淋巴结lymph nodes**胸导管thoracic duct乳糜池cisterna chyli腰干lumbar trunks肠干intestinal trunk**右淋巴导管right lymphatic duct*下颌下淋巴结submandibular lymph nodes*颈外侧淋巴结lateral cervical lymph nodes**锁骨上淋巴结supraclavicular lymph nodes*腋淋巴结axillary lymph nodes*支气管肺门淋巴结bronchopulmonary hilar lymph nodes *腰淋巴结lumbar lymph nodes*腹腔淋巴结coeliac lymph nodes**肠系膜淋巴结mesenteric lymph nodes髂总淋巴结common iliac lymph nodes髂外淋巴结external iliac lymph nodes髂内淋巴结internal iliac lymph nodes*腹股沟淋巴结inguinal lymph nodes**脾spleen**胸腺thymus感觉器sensory organs**感觉器sensory organs视器visual organ**视器visual organ**眼eye**眼球eyeball*巩膜sclera**角膜cornea脉络膜choroid**睫状体ciliary body**虹膜iris**瞳孔pupil**视网膜retina*视神经盘optic disc*黄斑macula lutea虹膜角膜角(前房角) iridocorneal angle*房水aqueouse humor **玻璃体vitreous body**晶状体lens眼副器accessory organs of eye *眼睑eyelids**结膜conjunctiva**泪腺lacrimal gland泪点lacrimal punctum泪小管lacrimal ductule*泪囊lacrimal sac鼻泪管nasolacrimal duct*眼球外肌ocular muscles眼动脉ophthalmic artery(二)前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ**前庭蜗器vestibulocochlear organ **耳ear外耳external ear耳廓` auricle*外耳道external acoustic meatus中耳middle ear**鼓室tympanic cavity*鼓膜tympanic membrane *前庭窗fenestra vestibuli蜗窗fenestra cochleae听小骨auditory ossicles**咽鼓管auditory tube*乳突窦mastoid antrum乳突小房mastoid cells内耳internal ear*骨迷路bony labyrinth*骨半规管bony semicircular canals**前庭vestibule**耳蜗cochlea*膜迷路membranous labyrinth*膜半规管membranous semicircular ducts **椭圆囊utricle**球囊saccule**蜗管cochlear duct**螺旋器spiral organ(三)其他感觉器嗅器olfactory organ味器gustatory organ皮肤skin表皮epidermis真皮dermis, corium体毛hairs毛囊hair follicle立毛肌arrectores pilorum指甲nail of finger神经系统nervous system**神经系统nervous system**中枢神经系统central nervous system**周围神经系统peripheral nervous system **神经元neuron**神经胶质neuroglia*树突dendrite*轴突axon单极神经元unipolar neuron假单极神经元pseudounipolar neuron双极神经元bipolar neuron多极神经元multipolar neuron*感觉神经元sensory neuron*运动神经元motor neuron*联络神经元associate neuron尼氏体Nissl bodies神经原纤维neurofibril**神经纤维nerve fiber神经膜neurolemma*髓鞘myelin sheath *突触synapse突触前部presynaptic part 突触后部postsynaptic part 突触间隙synaptic cleft突触小泡synaptic vesicles *灰质gray matter *白质white matter *皮质cortex*髓质medulla**神经核nucleus**纤维束tract**神经节ganglion**神经nerve神经内膜endoneurium神经束膜perineurium神经外膜epineurium星形细胞astrocyte少突胶质细胞oligodendrocyte 小胶质microglia室管膜ependyma周围神经系统peripheral nervous system**脊神经spinal nerves前根ventral root*脊神经节spinal ganglion颈神经cervical nerve胸神经thoracic nerve腰神经lumbar nerve骶神经sacral nerve尾神经coccygeal nerve**颈丛cervical plexus**膈神经phrenic nerve**臂丛brachial plexus胸长神经long thoracic nerve胸背神经thoracodorsal nerve**肌皮神经musculocutaneous nerve **腋神经axillary nerve**正中神经median nerve**桡神经radial nerve**尺神经ulnar nerve*胸神经thoracic nerves肋间神经intercostal nerve**腰丛lumbar plexus腰骶干lumbosacral trunk**股神经femoral nerve*闭孔神经obturator nerve**骶丛sacral plexus**坐骨神经sciatic nerve**胫神经tibial nerve**腓总神经common peroneal nerve *腓浅神经superficial peroneal nerve *腓深神经deep peroneal nerve*阴部神经pudendal nerve**脑神经cranial nerves**嗅神经olfactory nerve**视神经optic nerve*动眼神经oculomotor nerve*睫状神经节ciliary ganglion**滑车神经trochlear nerve**三叉神经trigeminal nerve*半月神经节(三叉神经节) semilunar ganglion*眼神经ophthalmic nerve*上颌神经maxillary nerve*下颌神经mandibular nerve眶下神经infraorbital nerve耳颞神经auriculotemporal nerve *舌神经lingual nerve下牙糟神经inferior alveolar nerve**展神经abducent nerve**面神经facial nerve*鼓索chorda tympani*翼腭神经节pterygopalatine ganglion*下颌下神经节submandibular ganglion**前庭蜗神经vestibulocochlear nerve*前庭神经vestibular nerve*蜗神经cochlear nerve**舌咽神经glossopharyngeal nerve**耳神经节otic ganglion**迷走神经vagus nerve*喉返神经recurrent laryngeal nerve喉上神经superior laryngeal nerve**副神经accessory nerve**舌下神经hypoglossal nerve**自主神经系统autonomic nervous system 内脏神经系统visceral nervous system植物性神经系统vegetative nervous system**交感神经sympathetic nerve**副交感神经parasympathetic nerve*交感干sympathetic trunk交感干神经节ganglia of sympathetic trunk交通支communicating branches 内脏大神经greater splanchnic nerve内脏小神经lesser splanchnic nerve心丛cardiac plexus腹腔丛coeliac plexus*腹腔神经节coeliac ganglion下腹下丛(盆丛) inferior hypogastric plexus盆内脏神经pelvic splanchnic nerves中枢神经系统central nervous system**脊髓spinal cord脊髓圆锥conus medullaris终丝filum terminal*马尾cauda equina*颈膨大cervical enlargement*腰骶膨大lumbosacral enlargement 前角anterior horn后角posterior horn中间带intermediate zone 侧角lateral horn前索anterior funiculus外侧索lateral funiculus后索posterior funiculus**网状结构reticular formation*胶状质substantia gelatinosa**胸核thoracic nucleus**薄束fasciculus gracilis**楔束fasciculus cuneatus**脊髓丘脑束spinothalamic tract脊髓小脑束spinocerebellar tract**皮质脊髓束corticospinal tract**脑brain**脑干brain stem**延髓medulla oblongata*锥体pyramid**锥体交叉pyramidal decussation*橄榄olive*薄束结节gracilis tubercule*楔束结节cuneate tubercule*小脑下脚inferior cerebellar peduncle **脑桥pons*小脑中脚middle cerebellar peduncle *小脑上脚superior cerebellar peduncle**第四脑室fourth ventricle*菱形窝rhomboid fossa髓纹striae medullares内侧隆起medial eminence*面神经丘facial colliculus*舌下神经三角hypoglossal trigone*迷走神经三角vagal trigone*前庭区vestibular area*听结节acoustic tubercle**中脑midbrain, mesencephalon*下丘inferior colliculus*上丘superior colliculus**大脑脚crus cerebri*舌下神经核hypoglossal nucleus*迷走神经背核dorsal nucleus of vagus**内侧丘系交叉decussation of medial lemniscus **内侧丘系medial lemniscus*三叉神经脊束spinal trigeminal tract*三叉神经脊束核spinal trigeminal nucleus*孤束核solitary nucleus*疑核ambiguous nucleus*脑桥核pontine nuclei**锥体束pyramidal tract**斜方体trapezoid body**外侧丘系lateral lemniscus*展神经核nucleus of abducent nerve *面神经核nucleus of facial nerve蓝斑locus ceruleus**中脑水管cerebral aqueduct*黑质substantia nigra*红核red nucleus*滑车神经核nucleus of trochlear nerve *动眼神经核nucleus of oculomotor nerve 中缝核raphe nuclei**小脑cerebellum**小脑蚓vermis of cerebellum **小脑半球cerebellar hemisphere古小脑(原小脑) archicerebellum绒球小结叶flocculonodular lobe*原裂primary fissure旧小脑paleocerebellum新小脑neocerebellum*小脑皮质cerebellar cortex*齿状核dentate nucleus**间脑diencephalon**背侧丘脑dorsal thalamus腹前核ventral anterior nucleus腹中间核ventral intermediate nucleus 腹后外侧核ventral posterolateral nucleus腹后内侧核ventral posteromedial nucleus枕pulvinar后丘脑metathalamus内侧膝状体medial geniculate body外侧膝状体lateral geniculate body上丘脑epithalamus底丘脑subthalamus**下丘脑hypothalamus**视交叉optic chiasma*乳头体mammillary body**第三脑室third ventricle**端脑telencephalon**大脑cerebrum**大脑半球cerebral hemispheres*外侧沟lateral sulcus*中央沟central sulcus**额叶frontal lobe*中央前沟precentral sulcus**中央前回precentral gyrus*额下回inferior frontal gyrus**顶叶parietal lobe*中央后沟postcentral sulcus**中央后回postcentral gyrus缘上回supramarginal gyrus*角回angular gyrus**枕叶occipital lobe**颞叶` temporal lobe*颞横回transverse temporal gyrus *颞上回superior temporal gyrus *岛叶insula*中央旁小叶paracentral lobule*顶枕沟parieto-occipital sulcus*距状沟calcarine sulcus海马沟hippocampal sulcus*舌回lingual gyrus楔叶cuneus**边缘叶limbic lobe**边缘系统limbic system*扣带回cingulate gyrus*海马旁回parahippocampal gyrus 钩uncus海马结构hippocampal formation *海马hippocampus齿状回dentate gyrus**侧脑室lateral ventricle**基底核basal nuclei*尾状核caudate nucleus*豆状核lenticular nucleus*壳putamen*苍白球globus pallidus**纹状体corpus striatum屏状核claustrum杏仁体amygdaloid body联络纤维association fibers 连合纤维commisural fibers 投射纤维projection fibers **胼胝体corpus callosum*穹隆fornix**内囊internal capsule嗅脑rhinencephalon嗅球olfactory bulb嗅束olfactory tract嗅三角olfactory trigone**大脑皮质cerebral cortex古皮质archicortex旧皮质paleocortex新皮质neocortex**硬膜dura mater*大脑镰falx cerebri小脑镰falx cerebelli*小脑幕tentorium cerebelli幕切迹tentorial notch*硬脑膜窦dural sinus**蛛网膜arachnoid*蛛网膜下隙subarachnoid space小脑延髓池cerebellomedullary cistern *蛛网膜粒arachnoid granulation 终池terminal cistern**软膜pia mater齿状韧带denticulate ligament*海绵窦cavernous sinus*大脑前动脉anterior cerebral artery **大脑中动脉middle cerebral artery*大脑后动脉posterior cerebral artery **基底动脉basilar artery**大脑动脉环cerebral arterial circle *大脑大静脉great cerebral vein**脑脊液cerebrospinal fluid *脉络丛choroid plexus内分泌腺endocrine glands**内分泌腺endocrine glands**甲状腺thyroid gland*甲状旁腺parathyroid gland**垂体hypophysis**松果体pineal body**肾上腺suprarenal gland胰岛pancreatic insula。