Unit1一、1 Leaders often have charisma, an attractive quality that makes other people admire them and want to follow them. (Para.2).领导者通常有魅力，一种吸引人的品质，使别人钦佩他们，并想追随他们。

2 A person who has a(n) brilliant mind can do extraordinary things that no one with a normal mind can imagine. (Para.2)一个有聪明头脑的人能做常人无法想象的非凡的事情。

3 It matters little whether people are physically beautiful or ugly, Because people’s minds and souls are more important. (Para.2)人的外表是美是丑并不重要，因为人的思想和灵魂更重要。

4 When faced with awkward questions in a conversation, we often get stuck. (Para.3)当我们在谈话中遇到尴尬的问题时，我们常常会陷入困境。

5 Unfortunately, this apparently straightforward question turns out to be harder to answer than one might suppose. (Para,3)不幸的是，这个显而易见的简单问题比人们想象的要难回答6 We cannot attempt to predict all the tough questions children will ask.(Para.9)我们不能预测孩子们会问的所有难题。

二、1 using a counter-example to a proposition or claim is to use an example that proves that the proposition or claim is not true对一个命题或主张使用反例就是用一个例子来证明这个命题或主张是不正确的2 In order to challenge opinions on one issue and make yours reasonable ,you should debate their ideas.为了在一个问题上挑战你的观点并使你的观点合理，你应该辩论他们的观点。

3 When you have to begin a conversation with nothing to talk about, you may ty to ask brief questions ,tell an interesting story or make some random comments.当你不得不开始一段没有什么可谈的谈话时，你可以问一些简短的问题，讲一个有趣的故事，或者随意发表一些评论。

4 In order to question the assumption of Aristotle that the heavier object has a higher failing speed , Galileo did an experiment in the Leaning Tower of Pisa.为了质疑亚里士多德的假设，即较重的物体有较高的失败速度，伽利略在比萨斜塔做了一个实验。

5 A paper published in Physics Today challenges how physics taught and states that teaching fails to reveal the limits of our understanding.《今日物理学》上发表的一篇论文对物理学的教学提出了挑战，指出教学不能揭示我们理解的极限。

6 In London, where the family was reduced to poverty , Karl Marx continued writing his theories to explore and understand the nature of society.在伦敦，这个家庭陷入贫困的地方，卡尔·马克思继续写他的理论来探索和理解社会的本质。

三、1 Huxley was at first an opponent of any evolutionary change at all ,but after reading the Origin of Species he got tied (on ,in) knots and his reaction was "How stupid of me not to have thought of that."赫胥黎起初反对任何进化上的改变，但读了《物种起源》后，他感到很困惑，他的反应是“我真愚蠢，竟然没有想到这一点。

”2 Dr.Dewdney looked closely at eight problems that reveal the (limitations ,limits) of human understanding in his new book.杜尼博士在他的新书中仔细研究了揭示人类理解的局限性的八个问题。

3 As Socrates' prized student , Plato came under Socrates' spell at about 20,decicling to devote himself (for ,to) philosophy. 作为苏格拉底的得意门生，柏拉图在20岁左右就被苏格拉底迷住了，决定献身于哲学。

4 Freudian scholar Donald Levy argues that some critics fail to understand the (nature , feature) and importance of the concepts of resistance and transference(移情），and that their critique of Freud's scientific credibility is incoherent.4弗洛伊德学者唐纳德·利维认为,一些批评人士无法理解的性质和重要性阻力和移情的概念(移情),而他们批判弗洛伊德的科学信誉是不连贯的。

5 The role of the newly-built center is to provide a cross-disciplinary forum wherein scholars gather to exchange and (dispute ,debate)ideas generated from the areas of philosophy ,history ,politics ,sociology as well as international and cultural studies.新成立的中心的作用是提供一个跨学科的论坛，在这里学者们聚集在一起交流和(争论、辩论)来自哲学、历史、政治、社会学以及国际和文化研究领域的观点。

6 Unlike those who came before him, Kepler questioned the(conception ,assumption) that planets moved in uniform circular motion, replacing it with elliptical(椭圆形的）motion、与那些出现在他面前,开普勒质疑(概念、假设),行星在匀速圆周运动中,代之以椭圆(椭圆形的)运动,Unit3一、1 Conversation skills are necessary in social interaction if you want others to react positively.如果你想让别人做出积极的反应，在社交活动中使用会话技巧是必要的。

2 Children could not acquire a language solely on the basis of the linguistic input they receive.儿童不能仅仅根据他们所接受的语言输入来习得一门语言。

3When you get hopelessly lost in city, you can only turn to others for help.当你在城市里失去希望时，你只能向别人寻求帮助。

4 Language and human culture probably evolved together.语言和人类文化可能是一起进化的。

5 some people believe that human being are instinctivelyself-centered有些人认为人类天生以自我为中心二1 A rude person can never gain respect and affection from other people.粗鲁的人永远得不到别人的尊重和爱戴。

2 If you use language appropriately, the person you speak to may react to what you say more positively如果你恰当地使用语言，与你交谈的人可能会对你说的话做出更积极的反应3 Don't you think a polite way of asking for help give people warmer feelings ?你不认为礼貌的请求帮助的方式会给人更温暖的感觉吗4 A polite request will help you get a better response from others.一个礼貌的请求会帮助你得到别人更好的回应。

5 Proper choice of words will enrich one's social conversation and help you make more friends.适当的用词会丰富一个人的社交谈话，并帮助你交到更多的朋友。