森林 forest2006年6月13日16:45 出处：FanE『翻译中国』词汇由：tradoser提供森林forest原始林virgin forest次生林secondary forest天然林natural forest人工林forest plantation, man-made forest速生丰产林fast-growing and high-yield plantation乔林high forest中林composite forest矮林coppice forest针叶林coniferous forest阔叶林broad leaved forest落叶阔叶林deciduous broadleaved forest常绿阔叶林evergreen broadleaved forest热带雨林tropical rain forest红树林mangrove forest林种forest category用材林timber forest防护林protection forest经济林non-timber product forest培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林。
薪炭林firewood forest, fuelwood forest能源林energy forest特种用途林forest for special use风景林amenity forest纯林pure forest混交林mixed forest同龄林evenaged forest异龄林uneven aged forest单层林分uniform stand复层林分multi-storied stand林学forest science, forestry树木学dendrology树木生理学tree physiology森林气象学forest meteorology森林土壤学forest soil science森林生物学forest biology森林生态学forest ecology林业经济学forest economics森林遗传学forest genetics林木育种学forest tree improvement, forest tree breeding森林培育学silviculture又称“造林学”。
森林病理学forest pathology森林昆虫学forest entomology森林测计学forest mensuration又称“测树学”。
森林经理学forest management林业史forestry history水土保持学soil and water conservation园林学landscape architecture木材学wood science, wood technology森林利用学forest utilization林业工程学forest engineering木材加工学wood processing林产化学加工学chemical processing of forest products 林业forestry森林资源forest resources森林覆盖率forest coverage, percentage of forest cover 森林效益forest effect乡村林业rural forestry城市林业urban forestry粗放林业extensive forestry集约林业intensive forestry森林工业forest industry森林经营forest management林业政策forest policy林业经济forest economy林业法规forestry regulation森林生态系统forest ecosystem生物地理群落biogeocoenosis农林复合生态系统integral agroforestry ecosystem森林物质循环mineral cycling in forest, material cycling in forest森林能量平衡energy equilibrium in forest林分stand林分组成stand composition林龄stand age林分起源origin of stand林相forest form林分密度stand density郁闭度crown density森林环境forest environment立地site立地类型site type喜光树种intolerant tree species曾用名“阳性树种”。
耐荫树种shade-tolerant tree species 喜温树种thermophilous tree species 耐寒树种winter hardy tree species 旱生树种xerophilous tree species湿生树种hygrophilous tree species 中生树种mesophilous tree species森林气候forest climate冻拔frost heaving冻裂frost cleft, frost cracking林冠层forest canopy森林水文forest hydrology树冠截留crown interception干流stemflow冠淋crown wash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forest soil枯枝落叶层litter死地被物forest floor又称“林褥”。
森林腐殖质forest humus粗腐殖质raw humus, mor细腐殖质mild humus, mull改良土壤树种soil improving tree species化感作用allelopathy又称“异种克生”。
互惠共生mutualistic symbiosis森林群落forest community林型forest type林分结构stand structure复层混交林stratified mixed stand主林层main storey次林层substorey乔木层tree stratum下木层undergrowth活地被物层ground vegetation优势树种dominant tree species亚优势树种subdominant tree species伴生树种associated tree species乡土树种indigenous tree species, native tree species 先锋树种pioneer [tree species]地带性顶极zonal climax, primary climax非地带性顶极azonal climax森林线forest line, forest limit又称“森林界限”。
树木线timber line又称“树木界限”。
林木改良forest tree improvement林木选择selection of tree精选树elite tree正号树plus tree优树superior tree优良林分superior stand, superior plantation林木引种introduction of exotic species树木育种tree breeding母树林seed production stand种子园seed orchard无性系种子园clonal seed orchard实生苗种子园seedling seed orchard去劣种子园rogued seed orchard[种子]原产地provenance, seed source又称“种源”。
产地试验provenance trial又称“种源试验”。
局部分布区产地试验limited range provenance trial全分布区产地试验wide range provenance trial子代测定progeny test无性系测定clonal test优树采集区clonal archive采穗圃cutting orchard种子区seed zone育种区breeding zone造林forestation人工更新artificial reforestation[无林地]造林afforestation四旁植树four-side tree planting指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树。
林木种子forest tree seed母树seed tree采种seed collection种实调制seed processing种子贮藏seed storage种子[层积]催芽seed stratification种子检验seed testing, seed quality examination 种子证明书seed certification森林苗圃forest nursery固定苗圃permanent nursery临时苗圃temporary nursery苗木nursery stock, planting stock播种苗tree seedling又称“实生苗”。
野生苗wild[l]ing苗床seedbed床作bedding culture垅作ridge culture撒播broadcast sowing条播strip sowing, drill sowing带播belt sowing点播spot sowing覆盖mulching上方遮荫overhead shading侧方遮荫side shading营养繁殖苗planting stock [by vegetative propagation] 移植苗transplant裸根苗bareroot seedling容器苗container seedling苗木出圃outplanting起苗lifting [of seedlings]假植heel in苗木贮藏seedling storage苗木分级seedling sorting苗木包装seedling packing造林地planting site, planted land宜林地suitable land for forest造林区划silvicultural regionalization立地评价site evaluation立地分类site classification造林调查设计plantation survey and project树种选择choice of tree species适地适树matching species with the site造林密度planting density种植点配置spacing of planting spots, spacing of seeding spots 行状配置strip spacing群状配置group spacing人工混交林mixture plantation混交类型type of mixture混交方法pattern of mixture造林地整地site preparation, soil preparation造林地清理site preparation整地方法method of soil preparation全面整地overall soil preparation局部整地partial soil preparation带状整地strip soil preparation块状整地spot soil preparation造林方法method of forestation播种造林seeding,direct seeding又称“直播造林”。