《植保专业英语》课程教学大纲「、课程基本信息课程名称：专业英语英文名称：Special En glish for Pla nt Protectio n学时：36学分：2适用对象：植物保护考核方式：课堂考试占70%平时成绩占30%先修课程：植物病理学昆虫学二、课程简介本书的取材主要侧重植物保护的基础知识，介绍植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒以及昆虫的种类和形态、繁殖方式和传播方式、危害特点以及防治方法。
本课程主要是加强学生对专业英语词汇的认识，为以后从事植物病理专业工作、查阅外文资料和论文写作打下基础。
The objective of Special En glish for Pla nt Protectio n is to prese nt basic theoriesof Plant Protecti on, which in cludes classificati on, morphology, reproduct ion of the pathoge ns（fun gi, bacteria, virus and n ematodes） and in sects and the epidemiology, diag no sis and man ageme nt of pla nt diseases caused by them. The other objective of this course is help stude nts study ing special En glish, read ing refere nces and writ ing papers.、教学内容及要求Chapter1 In troduct ion to pla nt pathology（一）目的与要求了解植物病理学的发展史，植物病害的种类、病害生理、病害防治，掌握有关植物病害的英语词汇。
（二）教学内容第——节Classificati on of pla nt diseases 1 •主要内容1) Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases(1)Diseases caused by fungi(2)Diseases caused by prokaryotes (bacteria and mycoplasmas)(3)Diseases caused by parasitic higher plants(4)Diseases caused by viruses and viroids(5)Diseases caused by nematodes(6)Diseases caused by protozoa2) Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases are diseases caused by:(1)Too low or too high a temerature (6) Nutrient deficiencies(2) Lack or excess of soil moisture (7) Mineral toxicities(3) Lack or excess of light (8) Soil acidity or alkalinity(4)Lack of oxyge n (9) Toxicity of pesticides(5)Air polluti on (10) Improper cultural practices2.基本概念和知识点1) Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases2) Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases3.问题与应用(1) What are the infectious disease?(2) What are the in fectious disease?第二节Chapter three Discovery of the role of fungi1. 主要内容1) bunt, or stinking smut, of wheat is a contagious plant disease. Tillet, however, believed that it was a poisonous substanee contained in the dust, rather than liv ing microorga ni sms, that caused the disease.2) Prevost pointed out the importanee of the environment in induction and developme nt of the disease.3) In 1861 deBary fin ally proved experime ntally that the fun gus Phytophthorain festa ns was the cause of the disease.4) DeBary also madegreat contributions with his studies of the Peronosporales and the diseases they in cite(dow ny mildews).2. 基本概念和知识点Smut、Phytophthora infestans 、Peronosporales and the diseases theyin cite(dow ny mildews).1 .问题与应用1) whether is wheat stunt con tagious or unin fectious disease?2) Does Phytophthora in festa ns caused potato late blight?第三节Con trol of pla nt diseases1. 主要内容1) The discovery of Bordeaux mixture2) one host is seprated from other host, in order to stop coffee rust outbreaks.3) In 1972, New and Kerr introduced the first commercial biological controlof a bacterial pla nt disease(crow n gall) by use of ano ther bacterium.2. 基本概念和知识点Bordeaux mixture 、host sepration 、biocontrol3. 问题与应用(1) How is the Bordeaux mixture used?(2) How is bioc on trol age nt used?第三节Physiology of pla nt disease1. 主要内容1) fungi are the causes rather than the results of plant disease, efforts began to elucidate the mecha ni sms by which fungi cause disease2) pathogen produces enzymesand toxins that degrade and kill plant cells from which the fun gus can the n obta in its nu trie nts3) toxin that is responsible for the bacteria-free chlorotic zone (halo) surro unding the n ecrotic leaf spots that contain the bacteria.4) Coryn ebactreium fascia ns, which auses the fasciati on disease of peas,produces a cytokinin and that the fasciation disease symptoms could be induced on healthy plants after treatment with kinetin, which is an animal-derived cytokinin.2. 基本概念和知识点(1)fungi are the causes(2)toxin that is responsible for the bacteria-free chlorotic zone (halo)(3)pathogen produces enzymes and toxins that degrade and kill plant cells3. 问题与应用How do the pathoge ns cause pla nt diseases?(三)课后练习Tran slate the text into Chin ese(四)教学手段和方法⑴ Stude nts read the text and tran slate it into Chin ese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask stude nts some questi ons in En glishChapter 2 Pathoge ns(一)目的和要求通过学习，使学生掌握植物病原菌的一些常见英语词汇，同时加深学生的植物病理知识。
(二)教学内容第一节Pla nt diseases caused by fungi1 •主要内容(1) f un gal morphology(2) f un gal defi niti on(3) reproductio n(sexual and asexual reproductio n)(4) homothallic, heterothallic ‘hermaphroditic fungi(5)Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes 2.基本概念和知识点(1) f un gal defi niti on(2) reproductio n(sexual and asexual reproductio n)(3) homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi(4)Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes 3.问题与应用(1) f un gal defi niti on(2) reproducti on( sexual and asexual reproduct ion)(3) homothallic, heterothallic ‘hermaphroditic fungi第二节Pla nt diseases caused by prokaryotes1 •主要内容1) Introduction to prokaryotes2) Classificati on of prokaryotes3) Kin gdom: Prokaryote: Orga nisms with gen etic material(DNA) not orga ni zedinto a nu cleus, i.e., not surroun ded by a membra ne. Bacteria: Have cell membra neand cell wall.Part I : Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci.Part n : Gram-negative facultative an aerobic rods.Part 川:Irregular, Gram-positive, non spori ng rods.Part IV : Actino mycetes: Bacteria formi ng bran chi ng filame nts.Part V : Mollicutes: Prokaryotes that have a cell membra ne but no cell wall.4) Pla nt diseases caused by bacteria5) Morphology6) Pla nt diseases caused by mycoplamalike orga ni sms2. 基本概念和知识点1) mycoplasmalike organisms(MLO), rickettsialike organisms, spiroplasma2) morphology of prokaryotes3) diseases caused by prokaryotes4) classificati on of prokaryotes3. 问题与应用(1) How many genera is prokaryotes classified?(2) Can prokaryotes be cultured?第三节Pla nt diseases caused by viruses1 •主要内容1) Introduction to viruses2) con stitue nts of virus3) disrupti ng action of virus to host cell4) Characteristics of pla nt viruses5) Detecti on6) Satellite viruses, viroids, virusoids, and satellite RNAs7) Specific crop diseases by viruses2. 基本概念和知识点1) morphology of virus2) multiplicatio n3) classificati on4) detect ion3. 问题与应用1) what shape does virus show?2) How does virus multiply?3) How are viruses classified?第三节Pla nt diseases caused by n ematodes1. 主要内容1) Introduction2) Morphology3) An atomy4) Life cycles5) Ecology and spread2. 基本概念和知识点1) esophagus, in test ine, rectum, , anus, stylet , oviduct , uterus , vulva. ,testis, seminal vesicle, intestine. copulatory spicules , hermaphroditic, or parthe nogen etic.2) All nematodes have four larval stages,3) family Aphelenchoididae, Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus , root- knot n ematodes: Meloidog yne3. 问题与应用1) what stage does the nematode begin to penetrate plant?2) what characteristics do Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus and Meloidogyne have?(三)课后练习Tran slate the text into Chin ese(四)教学手段和方法⑴ Stude nts read the text and tran slate it into Chin ese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask stude nts some questi ons in En glishChapter 3 Pla nt disease diagnosis---Final diag no sis(一)目的与要求通过学习植物病害发生特点、病状类型、病征类型、田间分布状况，初步掌握病害的诊断方法，为病害防治打下基础。