However, although Hardy clearly means to criticise
Victorian notions of female purity, the double
standard also makes the heroine's tragedy possible,
and thus serves as a mechanism of Tess's broader
Thomas Hardy(1840~1928)
—Great Victorian Novelist & Poet
By 柯晨 金晶 胡亚静 唐思雨
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Life
Hardy is the son of a village builder in Dorset, southwest of England which used to be a Saxon kingdom names Wessex, a name Hardy used proudly in his writing.
2
The Hardy cottage in Higher Bockhampton, Dorchester
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However, because of his family's social position ,he can’t get a university education. and his formal education ended at the age of sixteen.
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3.Novels of Ingenuity
（机巧和实验小说 ）
Desperate Remedies(1871)《铤而走险》 The Hand of Ethelberta(1876) 《埃塞尔伯 塔的婚姻》 A Laodicean(1881) 《冷漠的人》
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TESS OF THE D'URBERVILLES
repenting his harshness, but finds
her living with Alec. Tess kills Alec
in desperation, and finally she is
arrested and hanged. PPT课件
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The story reveals the spirit of determinist defeatism and enforces its shibboleth of predestination, and no amount of human effort can alter its design of darkness. Tess is a paragon of innocence. What she asks for life is simple enough: to be loved and happy. But she does not get it because she is at the mercies of the odds against her.
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This novel is a mirror for the spirit of the time. Hardy describes his critical attitude towards the unjust treatment of women and his denunciation of the hypocrisy of the social structures, the moral codes of Victorian England.
His parents both paid much attention to his education. His mother was well-read. She educated Thomas until he went to his first school at age eight.
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Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the
most famous novel of Hardy. The
story is about the tragic fate of
Tess. In the story the poor villager
girl Tess Durbeyfield is seduced by
The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 《卡斯特桥市长》
Tess of the d'Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》
Jude the Obscure(1895)
《无名的裘德》
Under the Greenwood Tree
•PPTTh课e件 Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) 8
fate. Hardy variously hints that Tess must suffer
either to atone for the misdeeds of her ancestors, or
to provide temporary amusement for the gods, or
because she possesses some small but lethal
people and the
environment around
them.
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2.Romances and Fantasies
（传奇与幻想小说）
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》 Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published as a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
.
In 1862,he moved to London, and study architecture there for five years. He also was introduced to language there and began his literary creation
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Angel's middle-class fastidiousness makes him reject Tess whose nature is as innocent as Wessex Eve.
When he parts from her and goes to Brazil, the handsome young man gets so ill that he is reduced to a "mere yellow skeleton".
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Symbolism and themes
Ache of Modernism
Like Hardy’s other works, this novel also illustrates the “ache of modernism”.
Hardy describes modern farm machinery with infernal imagery; also, at the dairy, he notes that the milk sent to the city must be watered down because the townspeople cannot stomach whole milk.
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His Major Works
Hardy himself divided his novels into three groups:
1)Novels of Character & Environment 2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies 3)Novels of Ingenuity
Hale Waihona Puke He explored tragic
characters struggling
against their passions &
social circumstances &
set his fictions in the
semi-fictional land of
Wessex where he grew
character flaw inherited from the ancient clan.
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Religious Symbols
From numerous pagan(异教的) and neo-Biblical references made about her, Tess has been viewed variously as an Earth goddess or as a sacrificial victim.
clergyman’s son. They get married
but when Tess tells Angel about her
past, he hypocritically deserts her.
Tess becomes Alec‘s mistress.
Angel returns from Brazil,
All these instances are typically interpreted as indications of the negative consequences of man's separation from nature, both in the creation of destructive machinery and in the inability to rejoice in pure nature.