2) The boy came, ruቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱning.
5. 表结果（表示自然而然的结果）
Eg. 1) Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.
(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with
entrance examination to college. F
Studying hard, you will pass the entrance
examination to college. T
Study hard, and you will pass the entrance
examination to college. T
her younger brother.)
2) The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.
比较： He hurried to the airport only to find that the famous film star had left. (不定式作结果状语表出乎意料的结果）
Walking in the street, he met an old friend.
2. 完成式：当分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作发 生用分词的完成式：having done
Having finished the class, she went home.
Having finished his homework, he went to play football.
A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed
6. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said
Bob, ____ out of the window.
7. 表让步（相当于让步状语从句）
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. = Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.
(1) Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (2) Given much more time, he would do it better.
1. 表时间(相当于时间状语从句）
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
Choose the best answer.
1.____ up at his father, he asked what was
the matter with him.
A. Having looked B. Looking
C. To look
D. Look
2.____ from his clothes, he is not so poor.
A. Judged B. Judging
C. To judge D. Having judged
3. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.
A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining
4.The secretary worked late into the night, ___ a long speech for the president. A.to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
5. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks.
3. 一般式的被动式：being done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且 与谓语动词动作同时发生
Being scolded by his mother, the boy hung his head.
4. 完成式的被动式：having been done 与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于 谓语动词发生。
(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. Hearing the news, they got excited. Having finished his homework, he went to play football.(=After he finished his homework)
A. looking
B. to look
C. looked
D. having looked
7. Though _____ money, his parents
managed to send him to university.
A. lacked
B. lacking of
C. lacking
Compared with the older generation, we are much happier.
Judging from his face, he was very angry.
2. 作状语的V-ing形式和句子之间通常有一 个逗号隔开，不能用并列连词。
Studying hard, and you will pass the
Having been told many times, he still repeated
the same mistake.
注意：
1. 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与 主句中主语一致。它们之间是主动关系。 被动则用V-ed. 但是短语 generally speaking; judging from/by; compared with; supposing; to tell you the truth等是固定搭配。不 受主语影响。
6. 表条件（相当于条件状语从句）
Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) W_a_l_k_i_n_g_a_h_e_a_d___, you will see a white house. If you walk ahead, you will see a white house. Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. =If you work hard, you’ll surely succeed.
Having finished the work, they went home. The work finished, they went home. 工作完成了，他们回家了
1. The Night coming on ,they started for home. 2. The last bus having gone, he had to walk home. 3. His leg badly hurt, he had to be sent to hospital. 填空： 1. Time permitting , we are going to climb the
mountain tomorrow. (permit) 2. They are talking with the teacher,
their children playing outside. (play) 3. His homework done , he went to watch the
game. (do)
3. 表伴随：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，
必须是主语的一个 动作，或是与谓语所表示的 动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的 动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。
Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.
(=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
现在分词作状语
分词作状语
分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或 整个句子，表示动作发生的原因、时间、 方式、结果、条件、让步和伴随状况等。
分词作状语的基本原则
1）分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子 的主语保持一致。
2）分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主 谓或动宾关系；否则不能用分词作状语。主谓 关系用现在分词，动宾关系用过去分词。
Even if invited, I won’t go to his birthday party.
4. 现在分词短语作状语的否定式为 在分词短语前加上not。
Not having seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it.
Not knowing his address, she can’t find his house.
分词作状语答题记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动-ing,被动用-ed。 Having done 表先后， 千万要牢记。
Having been done 是Having done的被动态
独立主格结构