附录A 外文文献The structural characteristics of non-independent suspension on both sides of the wheel is an integral frame connected by the wheels together with the adoption of flexible suspension bridge hanging in the frame or body of the following. Non-independent suspension has a simple structure, low cost, high strength, easy maintenance, driving changes in the small front wheel alignment advantages, but because of its comfort and handling stability are poor, largely in the modern car is no longer in use more used in trucks and large passenger on. Independent suspension on each side of the wheel is individually through the elastic suspension is hanging in the frame or body below. The advantages are: light weight, reduced body shocks, and improve adhesion of the wheels on the ground; available small soft spring stiffness, improve vehicle comfort; can reduce engine position, car center of gravity is reduced, thereby improve the car's driving stability; about beating the wheel alone, independent of each other, can reduce the body's tilt and vibration. However, there are complex independent suspension, high cost and maintenance problem of inaccessibility. Modern cars are mostly used independent suspension, according to the different structure, independent wishbone suspension can be divided into longitudinal arm, multi-link, candle and McPherson suspension and so on. Arm Suspension means the horizontal plane in the car wheel independent suspension swing, according to the number of how many arm is divided into wishbone and single-arm suspension. Single-Arm has a simple structure, roll center height, with a strong anti-roll capability advantages. But with the increased speed of modern vehicles, roll center is too high will cause the wheel tread beats changes, tire wear increased, and in a sharp turn around the wheel vertical force when the transfer is too large, resulting in increased rear extraversion. Reduce rear-wheel cornering stiffness, resulting in a serious condition high-speed drift. Single-wishbone independent suspension in the rear suspension on a multi-application, but can not meet the requirements of high speed, the current limited application. Multi-link suspension are combined by the root pole position change control of the wheel suspension. Multi-link can wheel around the axis line with the vehicle at an angle within the swing axis is horizontal arm and vertical arm of the compromise, choose the right arm with the motor axis into a vertical line of the angle, can be varying degrees of access to wishbone suspension with the advantages of vertical arm, which can meet different performance requirements. Multi-link suspension of the main advantages are: the wheel tread and beating little change before the beam, both cars are in driving, braking status can be carried out by the driver of the Yi Tu smooth transition to its shortcomings in the automotive when the phenomenon of high-speed shaft swing. Mainly in the FR-link drive mode, and around the back axle of the integration (and the middle of the differential rigid connection) for use where, in the past to use more leaf spring support body, and now from the increased driving comfort considerations, multi-use Link back to say that the swing arm type and style, and use a good coil spring ride. Link in the left side of a pair, divided into upper and lower tie rod, as thelateral force transmission (car drivers) body, usually with a horizontal thrust bar again with the composition of the five-link form. Connect one end of the body lateral thrust rod, one end of the connecting axle, its purpose is to prevent the axle (or body) horizontal traverse. When the axle moves up and down because of the rough, the lateral thrust rod will be connected to contacts with the body axis, an art movement arc, through the General Assembly if the swing angle made between the axles and the body produces significant lateral relative motion, and the lower arm principle similar to the horizontal thrust rod longer than should be designed to reduce the swing angle. Link suspension and axle forming an integrated whole, the mass of the spring below, and not the independence movement around the wheel, so to face bumpy road vehicle impact energy generated by relatively large, poor ride comfort. So there arm methods, this approach is the only fixed-axle differential among left and right half shaft in the differential and universal joints located between the wheel and the center of its swing, used between the wheel and the frame Y-connection under the arm. "Y" at one end and a separate rigid wheel, the other two endpoints and the frame to connect and form a rotation axis. According to the rotation axis is parallel with the axle, swing arm type suspension is divided into full drag-type arm and half drag-style swing arm, parallel to the whole drag-style, non-parallel type is called semi-drag.Because comfort is the car one of the most important performance, and comfort with the body's natural vibration characteristics, whereas the body's natural vibration characteristics of a feature associated with the suspension. Therefore, the vehicle suspension is to ensure the comfort of the important parts. Meanwhile, the vehicle suspension as a frame (or body) and the axle (or wheel) to make the connection between the mechanical power transmission, it is important to ensure the safety of motor cars and parts. Therefore, the vehicle suspension components are often incorporated into the car as an important technical specifications of the table, as one of the indicators to measure the quality of cars.Active suspension is developed in the last ten years, a new type of computer-controlled suspension. It brings together mechanics and electronics, technical knowledge, is a more complex high-tech devices. For example, the installation of the French Citroen Sang Diya active suspension, the center of the car suspension system is a microcomputer, the suspension on five kinds of sensors were transmitted to the micro-computer speed, front wheel brake pressure, ride a fixed throttle pedal speed, body vertical amplitude and frequency, steering wheel angle and steering velocity data. Computer continuously receives the data and with pre-set threshold to compare, select the appropriate suspension state. Meanwhile, the microcomputer independent control of each wheel on the implementation of the components only by controlling the hydraulic shock absorber of changes within the tic, which can at any time, any wheels that meet the requirements of the suspension movement. Therefore, Sang Diya car a wide range of driving mode selection, drivers need only flip a deputy on the dashboard in the "normal" or "sport" button will automatically set the car's suspension in top condition, in order to The best comfort.Active suspension control of body movement with the function. When the car when braking or turning the inertia caused by the spring deformation, the active suspension forces will have to confront a force used to reduce the body position changes. 2000 Mercedes-Benz CL models such as Germany-based sports car, when the suspension when the vehicle turning sensor will immediately detect the body's tilt and lateral acceleration. Computer based on the sensor information, and pre-set threshold value of calculations to determine what position once the load will be added to the suspension on how to minimize body tilt.Wishbone independent suspension by upper and lower arm is so long, is divided into equal length wishbone and unequal length wishbone suspension of two. And other long-wishbone suspension in the wheel up and down beats, kingpin inclination to maintain the same, but the wheelbase change greatly (and similar single-Arm), resulting in severe tire wear, is now rarely used. The unequal length wishbone suspension, when properly selected to optimize the length of the upper and lower arm, and through a reasonable layout, you can make changes in tread and the front wheel alignment parameters were within acceptable limits to ensure the car good driving stability. Present unequal length wishbone suspension has been widely used in cars, front and rear suspension, the part of the sports car and the car's rear wheel has adopted this - suspension structure. Suspension roleSuspension is an important vehicle in the assembly, it is to frame the flexibility to link with the wheel bearing on a variety of performance cars. In appearance, a car suspension only by a number of rods, cylinders and springs form, but do not think it is very simple, opposite a car suspension is more difficult to achieve the perfect vehicle assembly requirements, this is because both suspension to meet the car's comfort requirements, but also to meet the requirements of its handling and stability, while these two aspects are mutually antagonistic. For example, in order to achieve good comfort, requires much buffer vehicle vibration, the spring must be designed so soft, but, it is easy for the spring soft place car brake "nod", the "rise" and roll about serious adverse tendency is not conducive to the car turn easily lead to vehicle handling and instability. Therefore, if the suspension is poorly designed, will significantly affect the performance of automotive products (such as turning a heavy, swing, tire eccentric wear and affect tire life, etc.).附录B 中文翻译非独立悬架的结构特点是两侧车轮由一根整体式车架相连，车轮连同车桥一起通过弹性悬架悬挂在车架或车身的下面。