选修3重点语法汇总Unit1重点语法:情态动词情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
本单元学习情态动词的用法。
1.may 与might的用法2. can与could的用法3. will与would的用法4.shall与should的用法5. must, may (might) 和can表示“推测”的用法6.should与ought to用法7.need与dare用法8. used to与would用法Unit1一、情态动词表推测:1. 大多数情态动词(除表‘能力、许可、意志’外),都可以表示推测,其程度有差异。
按可能性程度的高低排列为:must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥should完全肯定完全可能很可能﹥can ﹥could﹥may ﹥might可能有可能2. 区分情态动词的否定含义:may not或许不、可能不might not可能不can’t 不可能mustn't不许、禁止shouldn’t不应该needn’t 不必3. 情态动词表推测具体运用:情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。
4. 表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式5. 注意:二、情态动词表推测的反意疑问句1.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,简单来说,就是以情态动词后的时态为淮,如句子里有明确的时间状语,则以其为准。
2.以must 为例:Eg.1. You must be hungry now, aren’t you?2. He must be watching TV , isn’t he ?3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasn’t he ?4. She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?注:如选择题中(以She must have arrived yesterday, didn’t she?为例)既有didn’t she又有hasn’t she则以didn’t she?为最佳答案。
Unit3一、宾语从句宾语从句:在复合句中起宾语的作用,可以放在动词和介词之后。
宾语从句应用陈述句语序。
1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。
E.g. He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.E.g. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。
例如:E.g. I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。
E.g. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。
2.用who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
E.g. I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。
E.g. She always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
E.g. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。
此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:(1)引导主语从句并在句首时;(2)引导表语从句时;(3)引导从句作介词宾语时;(4)从句后有“or not”时;(5)后接动词不定式时。
E.g. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
E.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
E.g. I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。
E.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。
E.g. He studies English every day.(从句用一般现在时)E.g. He studied English last term.(从句用一般过去时)E.g. I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般将来时)E.g. He has studied English since 1998.(从句用现在完成时)当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
E.g. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。
即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
E.g. We don’t think you are here.我们认为你不在这。
E.g. I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。
二、表语从句表语从句:从句放在系动词be, look ,remain ,seem等之后即构成表语从句引导表语从句的词有连词that,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why以及其它连词as if,as though,because等。
E.g. The question is whether it is worth reading.E.g. They are just what I want.E.g. That’s why they were late.1.that引导的表语从句that引导表语从句时,在句中无意义,一般不可省略。
而what引导表语从句时,不但有意义,而且在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
E.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address.E.g. China is no longer what it used to be.中国不再是过去的样子了。
2.whether 引导的表语从句whether引导表语从句仍表示“是否”之意,不能在从句中充当句子成分。
if则不可用来引导表语从句E.g. The question is whether they will be able to help us.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.3.as if (as though)引导的表语从句as if (as though) 引导表语从句,意思是“好像,似乎”。
E.g. It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。
E.g. It sounds as if you are from the South of the USA.听起来你好像来自美国南部。
注意:不用if 引导表语从句。
reason做主语时,表语从句应由that引导,不用because。
that 引导表语从句时,通常不能省略。
4.其他类型的表语从句其他连接词引导表语从句的用法与引导宾语从句的用法类似。
但要注意几个表示原因的表语从句的常见句型:(1)That’s why …(2)That’s because…(3)The reason why… is that…E.g. That’s why we decided to put off the sports meeting.E.g. That’s because we haven’t got well prepared.E.g. The reason why I like the dictionary is that it is useful for my work.Unit4一、主语从句的引导词主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导。
1.that引导That he is still alive is a wonder.他还活着,真是奇迹。
That we shall be late is certain.我们要晚了,这是确定无疑的。
That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.你将来伦敦是好久以来我听到的最好消息。
That she was chosen made a tremendous stir in her village. 她被挑选上,在她村子里引起很大轰动。